274 



Journal of Agriculture. 



[lo May, 1909. 



encouragement given by governments to the introduction and development 

 of wheats with muscle-making qualities. To be impressed with the im- 

 portance of this fact it is only necessary to turn to those countries where 

 meat, the other great muscle-making food, is a luxury and not an every 

 day part of the diet, and where the wheaten bread forms the staple article 

 of diet. The people fed on bread containing 14 ]3er cent, of gluten will 

 attain a higher state of mental and physical development than those fed 

 on bread containing only 12 per cent., unless the latter use, in conjunc- 

 tion with the bread, pulses and such vegetable foods rich in protein. In 

 passing, it seems a pity that Australians as a rule are not aware of the 

 many appetising muscle- and frame-forming vegetable foods that could be 

 grown and used bv them. In matters relative to their diet their conserva- 

 tism 'c m'-'.rp nronoimced than in their politics. 



I. ILLUSTRATIONS OF WHEAT EARS AND DISSECTIONS OF SAME. 



(i) Dissected ear showing rachis "r" and the rachillae " rc " arranged alternately 

 on the shoulder joint of either side. (2) Sp., front view of spikelet; Sp. i, a spikelet 

 opened out showing three fertile florets with a grain in each ; Sp. 2, a reverse view 

 of Sp. I ; Sp. 3, a side view of two spikelets ; S]). 4, the end or terminal spikelet. (3) 

 An «ar of Bobs wheat illustrating the rows of spikelets. (4) Illustrates the altach- 

 ment of the spikelets to the rachis. (5) An ear of Bobs wheat with the outer and 

 inner glumes removed, exposing the grain. (6) A side view of the rachis illustrating 

 the zig-zag form and the attachment of a spikelet to it. (7) Front view of a rachis 

 of Bobs wheat with spikelet showing the grain in the fertile florets. (8 and 9) Side 

 and Tront views of rachis of Durum wheat illustrating the heavy basal and lateral 

 rachis hairs. (10) Large grains of a bald Polish crossbred arranged in order to illus- 

 trate the side view, the front or bosom, the crease and crease folds, also the brush 

 ends, the germ ends, cross sections and longitudinal sections. The top two illustrate 

 another view of the crease and a side view of a grain. (11) Grains of a well- 

 developed Purple Straw ear. (12) (lowest) Sketch of germinated grain : b, the 

 brvlsh ; ra, radicle or root; i, first leaf, plumule; g, germ end; Sketch of cross 

 section of a grain of wheat; br, bosom or breast; cf, crease folds; c, crease; a, a, a, 

 three anthers with filaments attached enclosing the pollen or fertilizing grains (male) ; 

 Ov, ovule or immature wheat grain ; st, the two feathery stigmas (female) which, when 

 the anthers or pollen cases ripen and burst, become dusted with pollen grains and so 

 fertilization is efi'ected ; b, brush hairs. 



