lo Aug., 1909.] Sherry : Its Makiiii:^ and Rearing. 5x5 



wash, and are at least as eftective. Oil wash is noAv used exclusively by 

 many peach growers against peach aphis in late winter, and the trees are 

 not at all damaged bv its use. 



The formula for preparing either red oil or crude jjetroleum emulsion 

 is as follows : — Boil one lb. of soap, hard or soft, until dissolved in one 

 gallon of soft water. Remove from fire and add two gallons of oil. 

 Agitate thoroughly for a minute or so, and the mixture is ready for dilution. 

 The use of lime as an emulsifier is recommended by many growers. The 

 lime used must be freshly burned ; one and a half pounds are placed in a 

 tub and slaked with boiling water, one gallon of oil is added w'hile the lime 

 wash is hot, and stirred vigorouslv for a few minutes. The mixture is 

 then diluted as required. 



Crude petroleum, and red oil. are derived from the same source, the 

 latter being a prepared article from the petroleum, the former more or less 

 a residual oil left after the extraction of kerosene, benzine, red oil. &c. 

 Red oil contains more oily matter, and accordingly spreads better. It is 

 effective at a strength, or dilution of one part oil to fifteen parts water. 

 In the case of San Jose scale it is by far the best insecticide yet employed 

 in Victoria. Crude petroleum is varying in quality. Complaints have 

 been made that an undue amount of resin has been found in samples 

 analyzed. A fair grade sample is a good insecticide against mussel 

 scale, woollv aphis, red spider mite (Bryobia), &c., used at a strength of 

 one in ten. It should be remembered that only a thorough application, 

 striking and covering all affected parts, is likely to be effective, and that 

 these washes are safe only when the trees are without leaves or blossoms. 



There are various proprietarv preparations that are effective against 

 sucking insects. The.se are usually mixed ready for dilution as directed, 

 and are handy, and being fairly cheap are to be recommended for use 

 bv gardeners wdth a few trees only. " Scalecide " is a new^ miscible oil 

 preparation that is thoroughly effective. " Salva Fruta," a potash wash, 

 is also good, and " Soaperine.'" a well known Victorian preparation, is 

 one of the best aphicides. 



SHERRY: ITS MAKING AND REARING. 



F. de Castella, Government Vitictiltitrist. 



{Continued from page 446.) 



Changes of Fashion in Sherry. 

 Since Shakespearian times sheirv has undergone very radical changes, 

 and Falstaff would, no doubt, fail to recognize in a high class modern 

 sherry the sack he so frequently called for. In those remote times "sherris 

 sack " was a dark-coloured, rather bitter wine, similar to the brown 

 Malaga, which is still being made in the neighbouring seaport, and prob- 

 ably identical with the Vino de Color, which is still made in Jerez for 

 special purposes, as we shall see later. This class of wine was super- 

 seded by a more natural one, free, or almost free, from boiled must, arrope, 

 •or "Color," though slightly, and sometimes even distinctly sweet — the 

 after-dinner, or, as they were often called, East India sherries, of the 

 middle of the last century. More recently yet a further change of fashion 

 is to be recorded — a change in favour of a still more natural wine, 



