lo Sept., 1909.] Treatment of Orchard Pests. 585 



vary in different districts, and even in the same district in different vears ; 

 consequently, modifications of the above principle will be necessary as 

 local exigencies demand. 



To minimize the early attack of this pest the orchard should be 

 thoroughly overhauled in the winter, and everv shelter and hiding place 

 for the insect examined and destroyed. 



Pear and Cherry Slug. — As the slug completely destroys the leaves 

 of the trees it attacks, they are prevented from carrying out their proper 

 functions, and there is no elaboration of sap for the production of fruit 

 buds. The energy of the tree is used up in producing a fresh crop of 

 leaves, and the tree becomes debilitated and fruitless, if not absolutely 

 destroyed. On the first appearance of the slug, the grower should spray 

 with an arsenical preparation at a strength somewhat weaker than that 

 used for the codlin month, but when the fruit is ripening he should spray 

 with hellebore. 



Root-borer. — From experiments carried on by Inspector Chalmers, of 

 Maryborough, though incomplete, it was found possible to kill the per- 

 fect insect by spraying with the arsenates, as they live for a considerable 

 period on the leaves of the trees thev infest. In the future, it would be 

 advisable for growers to give this mode of suppression a trial, and spray 

 early — as soon as the leaves appear. All weeds and grass should be 

 ploughed in before the insect deposits her eggs upon them. Traps should 

 be placed on all trees affected, and the beetles regularly destroyed. 



San Jose Scale. — This scale is very prolific and spreads rapidly, if no 

 remedial measures are taken to keep it within bounds. So far as Ameri- 

 can experience goes, this scale, once established in an orchard, cannot be 

 •dislodged. If trees are large they should be judiciouslv reduced to a 

 size convenient for spraying or fumigation. In dealing with the pest, 

 fumigation is the most successful, and if any grower intends to adopt this 

 method an officer of the Department will give him personal instruction. 

 Satisfactory results have been obtained from spraying with red oil emul- 

 sion and the lime and sulpluir wash in winter, and self-boiled lime and 

 sulphur in summer. 



Mussel Scale, Red Spider {Brvobia), Red Scale, Lecaniiim, Woolly 

 Aphis. — Spray with red oil or crude petroleum oil emulsion, or lime and 

 sulphur wash in winter. 



Peach Aphis. — While dormant, spray with lime and sulphur wash ; 

 when leaves are on, spra\- with tobacco solution. 



Apple and Pear Scab. — Spray with Bordeaux mixture before the petals 

 -of the bloom expand, and when the spray can run down along the stems 

 of the flower. As some varieties of apples russet under the action of this 

 spray, notably Jonathan, Sturmer, Ben Davis, Cole's Rvmer, &c., it 

 would be as well for growers to try the self-boiled lime and '^ulphur 

 spray after the fruit has set, especially such fruit as is not unduly liable 

 to black spot. This mixture must be properly made as directed, and only 

 good lime used, with no cooking of the sulphur, otherwise serious damage 

 to the foliage will ensue. It is wise to test a tree or two before generally 

 adopting this spray. 



Apricot Scab. — Sprav with Bordeaux mixture before the petals ex- 

 pand, and continue the spraying after the fruit has set with the self-boiled 

 lime and sulphur treatment for a couple of sprayings. (See Apple and 

 Pear Scab above.) 



Leaf Curl of Peach and Puccini a. — Sprav before the appearance of 

 leaves with Bordeaux mixture, and on varieties verv subject to the disease 



