II Oct., 1909.] Building Flints for SeitLers. 649 



BUILDmG HINTS FOR SETTLERS. 



TI. — Plan, Specifications and Quantities of a Pig-stye. 

 .4. S. Kenyan, C.E., Engineer for Agriculture. 



The accompanying design is based on the pig-styes of the Geelong 

 Harbor Trust Commissioners' Irrigation Farm at Sparrovale, Geelong. 

 These are very simple in construction, can be built cheaply and fulfil all 

 the requirements for proper sanitation. The essentials of a pig-stye are 

 that it can be easily kept clean, that it be free from draughts and that 

 the sun and fresh air can be let into all parts of it. The sleeping pen 

 should face the east, so that when the sun flaps are open, and admitting 

 plenty of fresh air, there may be shelter from the hot afternoon sun. 



Excavate the ground to a depth of 5 inches over the whole of the 

 site and 2 inches extra for main drains, leaving the surface of the ground 

 even to start brick pa\ing. Holes for studs and posts to be excavated to 

 a depth of at least i ft. 10 in., but should be deep enough to obtain a 

 solid bottom. 



Pave the floor with bricks laid flat on a 2 -in. bed of sand. Bricks 

 to have ^-in. joints grouted with mortar composed of one part of cement to 

 two parts of sand. Lay the floor with a fall of i inch in 10 feet to transverse 

 drain which is to be laid with a fall to the east and west into main drains, 

 the sleeping pen draining into east main and the exercise yard into west 

 main drain. The main drains and floors are shown in drawing with the 

 fall from south to north, but the fall should be in the same direction as 

 the natural fall of the ground. Should the natural slope be in the op- 

 posite direction to that shown, then the gate of exercise yard, door 

 of sleeping pen, feed trough and transverse drain will be at the south 

 end ; the gate and grid of sleeping pen will be at north end. In this 

 case, the 3-in. x li-in. battens, rafters and corrugated iron will be on 

 the .south side of studs. The main drains are formed of ordinary bricks, 

 on the bottom laid with their length (9 inches) across the drain and a 

 splayed brick at each side as shown in drawing. The transverse drain 

 is 9 inches wide and formed of ordinary bricks sunk in floor as shown. 



The studs of 4-in. x 4-in. red-gum are 9 feet long on east wall and 

 8 feet on west wall, resting on 8-in. x 8-in. x 2-in. red-gum .sole plates. 

 The posts will then be i ft. 8 in. in the ground. The fence posts are 

 3-in. x 3-in. x 4-ft. 9-in. red-gum ; the two end posts are .set on 8-in. x 

 8-in. X 2-in. red-gum sole plates and the centre one strutted with two 

 3-in. X 2-in. X 2 1 -in. red-gum struts well nailed to post and 3-in. x 

 2-in. X 2-ft. 6-in. red-gum sole plate. Great care must be taken 

 to set studs and posts perfectly upright and well ram the earth put back. 

 In ramming, onlv a small portion is to be put back at a time and then 

 rammed before putting in anv more, a little water being poured in when 

 ramming. The .stud.s are checked on the outside |-in. x 5 -in. wide (the 

 top of check being 3 inches from top of stud) for 5-in. x 2-in. plates, and 

 bolted to plates with one 6-in. x i-in. bolt to each stud, the plate on 

 west wall being countersunk for heads of bolts. Fix to inside of studs 

 of east wall with one 6-in. x j-in. bolt to each stud a 4in. x i|-in. 

 hardwood support for sun flaps, the bottom of support being 2 ft. 10 in. 

 above ground line, which is 20-in. from bottom of studs and p>osts. With 

 one 6-in. x i-in. bolt to each stud and one 5-in. x |-in. bolt to each 

 po.st secure two 3-in. x i|-in. battens horizontally to studs and posts, 

 the tops of battens on north and south wall and bottoms of battens on 

 west wall and fence being 5 inches and 2 ft. 10 in. above ground line. It 



