664 Journal of Agriculture. [11 Oct., 1909. 



Before setting up studs decide uixjn position of })ort holes ; these to 

 the number of three, if the first is in the second row of iron, or four if 

 the first is at ground level, should be vertically above one another, and 

 should be so located as to make the transport of silage to the feeding 

 place as easy as possible. The first stud to be erected should form one 

 side of the row of port holes. The port holes need not be in line with 

 ridge. Thev may be at any part of the silo. The studs are fixed to the 

 hoops on the flat, every fourth one coming opposite a foundation post, to 

 which they are bolted with two 8-in. x ^-in. bolts passing right through 

 the studs, treble hoops and posts. The intermediate studs are bolted to 

 the treble hoops with 3|-in. x |-in. bolts. The bolts are all inserted 

 from the inside, keeping the nuts on the outside for access when screwing 

 up later on. The spaces between the studs, except at the port holes, 

 should be 13-I inches clear measured between the inside edges of the studs, 

 but are generally a little more depending upon the actual dimensions of 

 the studs. To allow for this, cut a template 13I inches long, using it 

 as a gauge to correctly space the studs. Drive a 4-in. nail 3 inches above 

 the centre of the third hole from the bottom of the stud. When erecting 

 stud, let it rest on this nail on top edge of upper treble hoop ; then nail 

 stud to treble hoops with one 3-in. nail at each. The.se will hold stud 

 until ready to bore for bolts. It is w-ell to try every fourth stud with 

 a sheet of iron to see that lap comes correctly. Following these direc- 

 tions, the whole 32 studs are erected, the last, however, being put up 

 22 inches distant from the first instead of 135 inches; this is to leave 

 space for the port holes. The distance between the last stud and the 

 last but one will be less than 13^ inches. For the purposes of the roof, 

 put two 24-ft. studs opposite one another and attached to foundation 

 posts. Place the four other 24-ft. studs at the third stud position each 

 side of these two. 



The next operation is the putting on of tlie single hoops. These are 

 alternately on the outside and inside of the studs, the inside hoops taking 

 the horizontal lap of the sheets of iron forming the lining and fallinc 

 into the checks made as alreadv described. First put on a single hoop 

 between the two treble hoops. Next put on the others, carefully adhering 

 to the following directions: — Mark the outside hoops for positions of 

 studs before putting up, by bending them round on top of the upper 

 treble hoop and against the outer faces of the studs. The hoops should 

 be fixed to the same studs as marked. This need not be done for each 

 hoop, every second one will be sufficient. Unless this is done carefully, 

 the silo will mo.st likely have different diameters at different points and 

 trouble will ensue when putting on the lining. The outside hoops should 

 lap over so as to cross two adjacent studs. They are secured at each 

 stud with 2^-in. x j|-in. bolts and at laps with 3-in. x |-in. at first 

 stud of the lap and 3^-in. x §-in. at thc^ Inst one, there being a plate 

 washer 3 in. x i-in. x yV'I"-) with f-in. Imli' in cfiitrt' at the end bolt. 

 The inside hoops are bolted on a stud and are fastened to the studs with 

 two 2-in. nails to each stud. Care should be taken not to have the joints 

 vertically above one another. Nail short pieces of 6-in. x |-in. for the 

 wiclth of two studs opposite to the inner hoops ; these will serve as a 

 ladder for access to the top and the port holes. 



The Lining.— Six feet by three feet 24 gauge galvanized flat iron is 

 used, tarred on one side as already directed. The tarred side is kept on 

 the outside against the studs. If the studs and hoops have been erected 

 as described, the sheets will have a lap of 3 inches verticallv on the studs 

 and T inch horizontally on the hoops. Carefullv press the sheets out to 



