i6o J ourtiaL of Agriculture. [lo March, 1910. 



Wallis noted that this apple is now bearing, and that every fruit is very 

 badly affected with bitter pit. The trees, however, are young, and mature 

 trees may give a better result. 



At Emerald, the fruit shows good signs, and looks well, but so far it 

 does not appear to be any earlier than Jonathan. 



Some fruit trees in the collection at the Burnley School of Horticulture 

 are every year proving themselves to be of good quality and consistent in 

 bearing; and though they are not generallv in cultivation, they possess- 

 characteristics which would make them desirable to grow, especially where 

 orchardists grow for the local market, and desire a continuous succession 

 of fruit. 



Souvenir de Congress pear is of a very vigorous nature, fruit fine, 

 large, and juicy. The fruit xipens shortly after the William's Bonr 

 Chretien; and seems to possess some of the flavour of that pear. It is 

 rather coarser, but as a succession is well worthy of cultivation. 



Wright's Early plum is a plum belonging to the Japanese section. 

 The fruit is almost .similar to that of the Burbank ; but it is one of the 

 earliest known ripening varieties, and hence it is desirable. It fruited this 

 year a fortnight earlier than the ordinary cherry plum. 



Early Almond apple is a good quality cooking apple, of very fine flavour, 

 and good size. The tree carries fair average crops. It is ready for use 

 early in January. If the fruit is allowed to mature, it is of a beautiful 

 amber colour, of acid flavour; and is ripe in mid-Februarv, although for 

 cooking it may be used earlier. 



Garden Royale apple is an apple possessing the first qualitv of cooking; 

 flavour. It is an excellent early cooking apple, a very good bearer, and 

 is ready for use in mid-January. 



Wealthy apple is a fine flavoured apple, verv crisp and juicv, sweety 

 and a mid-season fruit well worthy of cultivation for dessert purposes. 

 The tree bears well, the fruit is of good size, and the apple is very attrac- 

 tive, being well streaked with rich red lines ; it ripens towards the end of 

 February. 



Orchard Work. 



Where orchards are requiring renovation or manuring, an early start 

 should be made to plant a crop of leguminous plants for green manure. 

 An early start is absolutely necessary, and the advantages of this practice 

 are too numerous to be overlooked by orchardists. A separate study on 

 green manuring will be found on another page. 



A start should now be made ui preparing land for winter planting. 

 The soil will require to be well ploughed, and it will be necessary to have 

 it thoroughly aerated and sweefened before the v<^>ung trees are planted. 

 All tree roots and stumps should be removed, and burned, so as to remove 

 all possibilities of the root rot fungus attaching itself to the tender growing- 

 roots. If at all possible, the soil should be well drained, and as far as it 

 can be done, the system of drainage should be well carried out as early as 

 convenient. 



When ploughing the land, it would be a distinct advantage, and of 

 great profit to the orchardist, to subsoil the land as w-ell. The usual 

 method of sub.soiling has been to follow along in the furrows made by the 

 plough, with a second plough, which has had the mouldboard removed. 

 A more economical method, and one just as advantageous is now in vogue; 

 and it is simply to attach a subsoiling " foot " behind the ploughshare. 

 This stirs the subsoil 4 or 5 inches below the sr<le plate ; if necessary, the 

 depth can be lessened to 2 inches. The implement has h^een patented and 



