II April, 1910.] The Wine hidustrx in Southern France. 223 



In October last, the 459,582 acres under vines in the department were 

 made up as follows : — 



1. Resistant vines (grafted) ... ... 442,705 acres. 



2. Ungrafted vines ... ... ... 16,877 acres. 



These ungrafted vines include vines growing in sand (6,687 acres), vines 

 protected from Phylloxera bv submersion or flooding (7,102 acres), by 

 irrigation (585 acres), and by sulphide of carbon (56 acres). These 

 figures show most conclusively the part played by reconstitution on resistant 

 stocks, and its immense superiority over all other solutions of the 

 Phylloxera problem. 



Before describing the methods of culture aiid wine making, by means 

 of which the enormous yields already referred to are obtained, the con- 

 ditions under which the vine is grown, as regards situation, soil and 

 climate, must be considered.* These have a most important bearing on 

 the cultural methods and differ, in some respects, considerably from those 

 prevailing in Victoria. 



THE MOXTPELLIER SCHOOL. 



Agricultural Education. 



In the neighboui-hood of Montpellier, science and practical skill go 

 hand in hand, co-operating to an extent rarely met with in practical agri- 

 culture. A factor which has powerfully contributed to this very desirable 

 result is the world-famous institution known in all vine-growing countries 

 as the Ecole National d'Agriculture de Montpellier. 



Agricultural education in P'rance is very thoroughly organized, theory 

 and practice receiving equal attention. The present system is said to 

 date from 1848; but it has undergone so many transfprmations since, 

 owing to various causes, that it cannot be said to have been placed on a 

 really .satisfactory basis until its reorganization in 1876, since when but few 

 changes have been made. At the present day, the complete system may 

 be briefly resumed as follows : — 



1. The National Institute in Paris. 



2. National Schools to the number of 6 — Grignon, Montpellier, 



Rennes, for general agriculture of the regions in which each 

 is situated ; the Douai National School of Agricultural In- 

 dustries, such as sugar extraction, distilling and brewing ; 

 the Versailles School of Horticulture ; the MamiroUe School 

 of Dairying. 



3. Practical Schools, of which there are 45, devoted to agricul- 



ture, viticulture, horticulture, dairying, &c. In these, 

 though theory is also taught, the training is essentially 

 practical. 



4. Farm Schools, of which there are 27, where the teaching, 



though essentially practical, includes a few lectures. 



5. Agricultural Lecturers, who deliver regular .series of 



lectures on agricultural subjects. There a.re 270 of these 

 in different parts of the country, 90 of whom are known as 

 Professeurs defartenientanx, and 180 as Professeurs 

 speciaux. 



6. Research Establishments, or experimental stations, devoted 



to general agriculture, \iticulture, .sericulture, &c. There 

 are St, of these in all. 



*Owing to pressure of matter, it has been found necessary to alter the sequence of 

 this article. The description of situation, soil, and climate must therefore be held 

 over until next issue. — Editor. 



