lo June. 19 io.] Orchard and Garden Notes. 407 



Pruning. 



Pnining will now be largely occupying the attention of fruit-growers ^ 

 and a start may now be made with thi.s all important work. The require- 

 ments of each tree will need to be carefully studied, and the work carried 

 out accordingly. Generally speaking, a tree should be kept fairly open^ 

 with its leaders and limbs evenly balanced, and worked outwards at a good 

 angle, more approaching the angle of 45 degrees. Straight, and conse- 

 quently strong upright, growths should ahvays be suppressed ; and the- 

 laterals and spurs should always be encouraged in the lower and middle 

 regions of the tree. The most useful type of tree is one that will allow all 

 operations, such as spraying, thinning and picking the fruit, to be carried 

 out with as great ease as possible, and with little use of ladders. 



Vegetable Garden. 



The principal work in this section during June is the preparation of 

 l)eds for the main crop of vegetables. Most \egetables require, and thrive- 

 best in, a thoroughly well worked soil, the soil being as friable as possible. 

 The beds should be deeply worked; all manures should be well rotted, and 

 evenly distributed throughout the .soil. 



One point to be emphasized is a good system of rotation whereby a con- 

 tinual succession of the different classes of vegetables is grown in the 

 beds. This is not only valuable as a method of soil restoration and im- 

 provement, but it helps to reduce and weaken any insect or fungus disease- 

 that may have been present. 



Asparagus beds may now be renoxated, and new beds planted accord- 

 ing to directions given in the April number of the Journal. Onions and 

 any other seedlings that are sufficiently far advanced may now be planted 

 out j and succession crops of spinach, radish, peas, broad beans, leek^ 

 lettuce, carrot, &c., should be planted. 



The planting of rhubarb beds should now be completed. 



Flo^^er Garden. 



June is generally considered the month of drudgery in the flower 

 garden ; although to enthusiasts, there is no such season. 



Such work as digging, top dressing with manures, cutting back shrubs, 

 cleaning up the beds, planting out deciduous trees and shrubs, notably 

 roses, will all be carried out this month. 



Leaves, light prunings, and vegetat^le matter of all descriptions- 

 should either be dug into the beds, or placed in some corner to form a 

 compost heap. This heap is greatly enhanced by the addition of wood 

 a.shes. As a soil corrective and as manure, there is no waste material 

 more valuable than wood ashes ; and, mixed with \egetable humus in the 

 compost heap, the result forms a valuable addition to the garden soil. 



This is the month for planting out roses. Some of the newer roses are 

 of beautiful form and colour. The average gardener does not te.st the 

 newer and expensive varieties as thev come out, preferring to leave that 

 work to the rose enthusiast, and to profit by his successes — and failures. 

 Among old roses, a garden is incomplete without La I'rance, the two^ 

 Cochets. Belle Siebrecht, Georges Schwartz, Frau Karl Druschki, 

 Madame Abel Chatenay, Mildred Grant, and many others. Some of the 

 later varieties are very worthy of notice, and among these are George C. 

 Waud. Rhea Reid, Madame Maurice de Luze, Mrs. A. R. Wadded. 

 Laurent Carle. Lvon Rose. Warrior. Yvonne Vacherot. and Souv. of Stelhr 

 Gray. 



