664 Journal of Agriculture. [10 Oct., 1910 



immediately and not remain dormant. Plantation is executed much a.s- 

 for other fruit trees. Protection from stock is necessary, since animals eat 

 the foliage greedily. 



Wide planting is essential. The fruit being produced in clusters on 

 the ends of the shoots, the trees interfere with one another if too close. 

 (This habit of fruiting renders pruning practically unnecessary.) In. 

 France, the average number of trees to the acre is 40 (100 per hectare). 

 They are often planted in rows, the intervening space being occupied by 

 other crops or permanent pastures. Thus treated, excellent yields are 

 often obtained. 



The following additional extracts from Professor Wickson's latest 

 edition of California Fniiis and How to Grow Them will no doubt pro\e 

 of interest : — 



The chestnut is not yet produced in large amount in California and certain 

 quantities of the nuts are annually imported, the American, Italian or Spanish, and 



Japanese all being found in the San Francisco markets Chestnut 



trees are readily grown from seed, and thus grown come into bearing in from six 

 to eight years, though the Japanese sometimes bear sooner. (Grafting is next dealt 

 with.) .... The chestnut, aside from its desirability as an orchard tree, can 

 be commended as a tree for hillsides or a shade tree for waysides or pastures, and 

 should be more widely planted in California 



The concluding passage applies with perhaps even greater force to 

 many of the cooler parts of Victoria. The chestnut is essentially a tree 

 for temperate climates, and many of our cooler districts rank among the 

 most temperate in the world. In thousands of situations, mild enough for 

 our Eucalypts yet almost too cool for the vine, it will find its natural home. 



Economic reasons render it impossible to ever hope of covering the vast 

 areas of this State which consist of poor deep soil, with vines and fruit 

 trees, for which deep rooting plants they are so admirably adapted. In 

 the.se situations, the value of such trees as the chestnut and the cork oak, 

 which yield fodder as well as other commercial products, is too obvious to 

 need enlarging on. 



THE WINE INDUSTRY IN SOUTHERN FRANCE. 



Department of Hkrault. 



{Continued from page 4"/ J.) 

 F . de Caxtella, Government Viiiculturist. 

 Scion Varieties (continued). 

 Carlgnane, Syn. Carignan, and Monestel, in Franct ; Mazuelo, in Spain, 

 &c. Next in order of importance, we have a vine not unknown in Victoria, and 

 rather frequently to be met with, though known under erroneous names, and 

 almost invariably mixed with other sorts in the same block. Carignane, 

 or Carignan, as it is sometimes also called in France, is, after Aramon, 

 the most important constituent of Vin Ordinaire in the department of 

 Herault. Like that variety, though not to the same extent, it is a heavy hearer., 

 yielding crops of up to 1,500 gallons per acre in rich land. (Foex.) Like 

 Aramon, it is a variety which responds to richness of soil and to heavy manur- 

 ing. The wine yielded by it possesses rather more body and colour than- 

 that of Aramon, to which it is usually considered superior ; in fact Foex 

 states it to be the Herault variety which combines quality and quantity in 

 the highest degree. When quite new it is rather harsher than Aramon. 

 which is almost immediately fit for consumption (see Journal, February. 



