lo Oct., 1910.] Tlic W'uic I }idustry in Soutlicru France. 669 



it yield really high-class wines absolutely different from the poor quality 

 wine obtained from it on richer land in the same district. 



A photograph here reproduced of a typical leaf of this variety will be 

 easily recognised by those familiar with it under other names. The main 

 characteristic is its elegant symmetrical appearance. It may, in fact, be 

 looked upon as the typical heraldic form of vine leaf. Another feature 

 peculiar to it is the very oval and distinctly pointed shape of the berries 

 immediately before they change colour. 



In France, Cinsaut is not now so largely grown for wine-making as it 

 was formerly, though it is still extensively grown for table purposes, being 

 shipped in the fresh state to England, Germany, &c. It formerly played 

 a leading part in the well-known vineyard of St. Georges d'Orcques (see 

 p. 220) and others which produced the highest quality red wines in the 

 department of Herault, but the marked preference for quantity over quality 

 shown by those re-planting, led to this and other choice varieties being re- 

 placed mainly by Aramon, Carignane, and the Bouschet hybrids. 



The varieties which were formerly grown in conjunction w^ith Cinsaut 

 at St. Georges and other vineyards producing better quality wines were 

 chiefly Q£illade, Aspiran (also known as Spiran), Pique foul (the black 

 variety), and Terret (black). (Eillade is very similar to Cinsaut in many 

 respects, and is often mistaken for it. It is less prolific, as its flowers often 

 set badly. Aspiran, a more distinct variety still, has much in common 

 with it, being an excellent table grape and yielding a wine very similar 

 to that of Cinsaut though lighter in colour. The black varieties of Pique- 

 poul and Terret are now but little grown, as they are poor bearers. Cinsaut 

 is at the present time the most extensively grown of the group, since it is 

 the best bearer, whilst not inferior in other respects. Foex gives the yield 

 per acre of Cinsaut as being from 264 to 528 gallons, and that of Aspiran 

 at from 264 to 440 gallons. 



Crenache — Syn. Alicante, Bois Jaune, &^c. — Though less extensively 

 grown than the foregoing and occupying a position intermediate between 

 the heavy bearing and choicer varieties, Grenache is, nevertheless, one 

 of the important red sorts cultivated in Herault. Of Spanish origin, and 

 very largely grown in that country under the name of Garnacho, especially 

 in the Priorato and Llansa districts of Cataluiia, for the production of 

 Rancio wines, it has long since been introduced into France, where we 

 have already found it to be extensively grown at Banyouls and Collioure 

 and other parts of Roussillon, where some of the few French wines of 

 " Porty " character are grown. In Herault, these wines are not met with, 

 consequently this variety does not pos.sess the same importance. It is not 

 so w-ell suited for ordinary dry reds as for rancios and special wines. The 

 chief fault is in its colour which, although satisfactory when the wine is 

 quite young, rapidly changes, becoming tawny or pelure d'oignon (onion 

 peel), as it is termed in French, often in the course of a few months. 

 For this reason, as well as on account of their heavier yields, Aramon, 

 Carignane, &c., are preferred to it. It is also very susceptible to damage 

 by downy mildew {Plasmopara). It is. nevertheless, a good bearer, yield- 

 ing, according to Foex, from 220 to 572 gallons per acre. The same author 

 states that in Roussillon, where it is made into liqueur (rancio) wines, its 

 musts register from 15 to 20 degrees Beaume. 



In Australia, where there is so large a demand for sweet wine, this 

 variety has much to recommend it. Though the true Port varieties of the 

 Alto Douro (Portugal) will probably ultimateley produce even choicer 

 wines, Grenache will produce, in sufficient quantity, even on poor soils,- 



