122 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



density of such stands in young second growth is high and underplant- 

 ing with softwoods is not to be advocated. Such areas should be man- 

 aged for hardwood production only in accordance with the needs of 

 the rapidly increasing hardwood using industries. 



Other areas, smaller and more local in extent, where a deep layer 

 of softwood humus has been formed, produce in the original forest the 

 purest of softwood stands, and on cutting will recover as such, nursed 

 with a certain temporary amount of aspen and fire cherry to the 

 almost absolute exclusion of other hardwoods. Between these two 

 extremes there are all gradations of mixture and purity. 



It should be pointed out that these hardwood stands display a very 

 slow growth. A rapid replacement of the mature stand can only be 

 accomplished by breaking up its crown cover. Such an operation will 

 show a great acceleration of growth to softwoods, although it takes 

 from three to seven years before this accelerated growth is shown. 

 Younger trees show the quicker recovery. The breaking up of the hard- 

 wood crown also induces the production and quick growth of hardwood 

 species and encourages a development of straight boles. 



These openings will also achieve a mortality of the surviving trees, 

 and if carried to excess may result in the death of many of the smaller 

 trees of the stand, including the more desirable softwood species. The 

 problem really resolves itself into a determination of the amount of 

 crown cover to leave as to induce accelerated growth in desirable 

 species on one hand and yet protect the soil from undue drying and the 

 consequent crippling or death of the young trees on the other. It 

 should also be a recognized practise, that the removing of the mature 

 crown cover does not complete the silvicultural measures necessary 

 to insure the full and quick return of the second crop, and that the 

 second growth stand itself must be subsequently thinned, or even 

 partly removed, at as early a date as is practicable to secure a full 

 crop of softwood. 



Upper Slope Type. — The local importance of this type as confined 

 to high mountains situations, the .shallowness of its soils, the high 

 liability to windfall and its absolute protective character make it one 

 not of commercial importance and designate its management as that 

 for the protection forest only. 



The presence of large areas of burn in the Adirondacks demand 

 special consideration. Planting can be carried on with success provided 



