KMPIRICAL FOKKSTRV IN THK AI)IK(JXDACKS 1<!T 



It follows from the foregoing that a plantation established on cut- 

 over land without other preparation, would develop an even more 

 mixed character of composition, experience a greater degree of com- 

 petition from native growth, especially hardwood sprouts and seed- 

 lings, and be more susceptible to an early and severe degree of sup- 

 prrssion. This, therefore, would necessitate not one but perhaps two 

 or even three supplementary cutting operations designed to remove the 

 competing hardwoods before the design of achieving the desired kin-l 

 of forest, in species and mixture. 



SUMMARY 



1. Spruce swamp areas lend themselves naturally to clear cutting 

 methods with natural reproduction. 



2. The delicate equilibrium exhibited by the spruce or balsam flat 

 areas, their susceptibility to windthrow. and their high degree of lia- 

 bility to mortality froiu exposure, indicate the application of a modified 

 selection system on a conservative basis. 



3. Hardwood areas must be opened up to such an extent as will 

 induce accelerated growth on the smaller sized trees remaining, after 

 the cutting, without subjecting them to death through exposure. A 

 secondary removal cutting in the second-growth forest is also indicated 

 for the purpose of obviating subsequent stagnation from overtopping 

 fast-growing, wide-spreading hardwood crowns. 



4. The upper slope forests should be managed on the basis of the 

 protective forest only. 



5. Planting on burned-over areas should be undertaken before the 

 native growth of weeds, ferns, and brush ofifers such competition to the 

 planted stock as will induce very early stagnation and probable ex- 

 tinction. 



G. Planting on cut-over lands gives little promise of success unless 

 the area is given a preparatory treatment by burning for the purpose of 

 clearing the site of native seedling and sprout growth. Even then a 

 secondary silvicultural treatment will be necessary in order to remove 

 competing fast-growing hardwoods subsequently seeded into the area. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Graves. H. S. Practical Forestry in the Adirondacks. Bulletin 26, Division 

 of Forestry. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, 1899. 



Chandler, B. A. Results of Cutting at Nehasane Park in the Adirondacks. 

 Journal of Forestry, Vol. IT, 1910, pp. 378-385. 



