652 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



ment property and a superintendent was appointed. Technical forestry 

 in British India was, according to Mr. Roger, really commenced in 

 1856. when the late Sir Dietrich Brandis was appointed Superintendent 

 of Forests in Pegu. From this time on, there has been a steady de- 

 velopment along technical lines as well as in administrative organization, 

 and in the successful commercial management of a vast forest property. 



The latest 4evelopment is the greatly increased appropriations for 

 research and in the introduction of American logging methods through 

 hiring two American logging superintendents, and by training some 

 seventeen young British engineers in American methods of logging. 



The forest aministration of each large province is under a Chief 

 Conservator, or Conservator (corresponding to District Forester) ; the 

 divisions or sub-divisions under a Deputy Conservator (or Forest 

 Supervisor) ; the ranges under a Ranger and the beats under a Forester, 

 the lowest grade. The policy is control by the Government of India 

 through an Inspector General under general financial rules which are 

 laid down, resolutions on policy, personal inspection, by reserving the 

 right to appoint conservators and Chief Conservators (except in Madras 

 and Bombay), by forest legislation and the imperial forest code (except 

 Madras and Bombay which have their owai special codes), and lastly 

 through the civil service regulations, civil account code, and the general 

 laws. 



According to Rogers : 



■'The Inspector-General of Forests is the chief adviser to the Gov- 

 ernment of India and to local governments in the management of State 

 forest property. He communicates direct with local heads of the serv- 

 ice on purely professional matters when he may require information 

 or desire to make suggestions ; copies of any important letters are com- 

 municated to the Government of India and the local governments con- 

 cerned. During a large portion of the year he tours through the 

 forests and records his recommendations. Except in Madras and 

 Bombay plans for the working of the forests are prepared in consulta- 

 tion with him. or. if prepared under the supervision of a Chief Con- 

 servator, communicated to him so that he may have an opportunity of 

 making suggestions to the local governments. Subject to the control 

 described, local governments of the major provinces are responsible 

 for their own forest administration. The Chief Conservators, or Con- 

 servators, are their immediate advisers in forest matters, and spend a 

 considerable part of the year touring; they control all forest business 

 within the financial or other powers accorded to them. In the major 

 provinces forest revenue and expenditure were wholly provincialized 

 in 1911 on the recommendation of the Royal commission upon decen- 



