554 JOURNAL OF FORI-r-TRY 



"While the cost of the estabhshment per square mile of forest con- 

 trolled has not materially increased since 1884-89, the net revenue per 

 square mile has increased from nearly $13 to nearly $19. 



"The gross revenue per square mile of forest controlled varies from 

 $205 (net revenue $196. value of right holders produce and free grants, 

 $9) in the Northwest Frontier Province, where the area of forest is 

 236 square miles, to $13 in Burma ($13 and 1, respectively) with its 

 146,000 square miles of forest, of which nearly 117,000 are unclassed, 

 and its small population. 



"In the year 1918-*]!) the gross forest revenue was more than 14.6 

 million dollars, while the expenditure was a little over 8.5 million 

 dollars, and the net revenue over 6 million dollars." 



Working plans were commenced in 1872 and to the end of June, 

 1919, they covered 60,670 square miles, and the recognized methods 

 of treatment (except Bombay) were as follows: 



Square miles 



Clear fellings 263 



Shelterwood compartment system 552 



Group system 95 



Selection system with improvement fellings 15,914 



Coppice system 1 ,009 



Coppice with standards system 7,060 



Improvement fellings 12,254 



Other systems 15,955 



Total 53,102 



It is of interest that in the Central Province 85 per cent of the forests 

 are under working plans, while in Burma (where the conditions are far 

 more extensive) only 4 per cent. Three years ago the Indian Forest 

 Service aimed to protect over 46.000 square miles and 96 per cent of 

 this area was successfully protected. 



"The average annual cost of protecting 50,400 square miles during 

 the quinquennium 1909-14 was a little over $14,800. Since 1914-15 

 the area under fire protection has decreased by a little over 4,300 square 

 miles. In Burma, the Central Provinces, and Assam, the decreases 

 w'ere 3,200, 1,700, and 1,300 square miles, respectively; while in the 

 Bombay Presidency the area increased by 1,200 square miles. The 

 percentage of the forests under fire protection of the total forest are, 

 varies from 2.9 and 4.6 per cent in Assam and Burma, respectively, to 

 85.5, 93, and 96.5 per cent in Madras, Bombay, and Bihar and Orissa. 

 respectively. During the year 1918-19 there were just under 4,900 

 fires ; the area burned being just over 2,200 square miles. The follow- 

 ing shows the percentages of fire by number and area burned, classified 

 according to cause as far as known : 



