REVIEWS 57;j 



Even a single small stump in a gray birch clump attracted enough 

 beetles to damage eleven out of fourteen seedlings within a twelve- 

 foot circle during two weeks. A strongly developed sense of smell 

 and an ability to fly considerable distances have been thoroughly 

 demonstrated. 



Peirson recommends preventive measures of control, such as charring 

 the stumps by burning the slash over them, turning logs to dry out the 

 bark in which eggs or larvae are present and refraining from cutting 

 old stands until nearby reproduction has reached at least a height of 

 three and a half feet. Experiments are being continued to determine 

 whether the beetles can be reduced to harmless numbers on a cut-over 

 area during the first year by eliminating their preferred food. Obvi- 

 ously, there is opportunity for more study, but the work done already 

 is of value in showing foresters the very real danger from this beetle 

 in applied silviculture in the eastern white pine region. E. E. C. 



Live Stock Gracing as a Factor in Fire Protection on the National 

 Forests. By John H. Hatton, Assistant District Forester. U. S. De- 

 partment of xA.griculture, Department Circular 134, September, 1920. 



According to Hatton, grazing keeps fires from starting and from 

 spreading and makes them less destructive. On the other hand, there 

 is injury to ground, soil and water conditions, and to the range itself. 

 Hatton, who is a grazing specialist, makes a strong statement of the 

 benefits from grazing, particularly in the example that he gives of the 

 Wenatchee National Forest in Washington where sheep driveways 

 stopped three large fires in 1909 and 1910. He argues for the timely 

 use of present ranges, for the utilization of unused grazing lands 

 through development, a study of the class of stock to be grazed where 

 there are fire protection problems, and the projection of driveways and 

 trails as a means of fire-line construction, the actual overgrazing where 

 fire damage is particularly dangerous, and the closer co-operation of 

 live-stock employees in fire prevention. T. S. W., Jr. 



