A STUDY OF WINDFALL TN THE ADIKOKDACKS G33 



of the tract which had been logged in 189G was cut again in 191.") while 

 that logged in 1898 had not been cut since. The cutting as now car- 

 ried on is much heavier than the original cut. The markets now permit 

 the cutting of balsam as well as spruce and the presence, of the railroad 

 makes it possible to take out sound hardwood logs. The present cut- 

 ting takes all spruce above 9 inches and balsam above 6 inches on an 

 18-inch stump and also any hardwood tree which contains not less 

 than one 16,-foot log. 12 inches d.i.b. at the small end. Trees above 

 these minimum sizes, however, may be left as seed trees. The cut in 

 1915 removed from 75 per cent to 85 per cent of the volume. The 

 following figures were compiled from two sample plots of six acres, 

 each taken in the 1915 cutting. The 189(5 cut was estimated from 

 the stumps. 



-Typ: 



Balsam swamp Hardwood 



Board feet Board feet 



Cut in 1S9G 3 200 2,400 



Cut in 1915 7.900 3,800 



Left in 1915 ,. 2.700 400 



THE FOREST 



The tract lies within the spruce region and the principal species are 

 spruce and balsam among the conifers and yellow birch, hard maple, 

 and beech among the hardwoods. The merchantable stands were di- 

 vided for this study into three types, namely, spruce, hardwood, and 

 balsam swamp. 



Upland and bottomland stands containing over 60 per cent of spruce 

 were classed as spruce type. The trees are tall, well formed, and 

 close together and the best stands in the region are included in this 

 type. It is the most valuable type in the region as it contains so much 

 spruce. The soil on these areas is well drained and varies from 

 quite deep to shallow and stony. 



On the uplands the spruce type grades into the hardwood type when 

 the spruce loses predominance. The hardwood type covers the rocky 

 ridge tops and extends down the slopes to the spruce type. It is more 

 open than the spruce type and contains many large-sized hardwoods 

 and a few scattered pines. The percentage of spruce varies consid- 

 erably, while balsam is much less in evidence. The soil is always well 

 drained and often quite rocky. 



