A STUDY OF VVINDFALl^ IN TIIK Al;l RONDACKS 

 UALSAM SWAMP TYPE. 



g;]5 



CONCLUSIONS 



From these figures it can be seen that the damage to any species 

 was very uniform in all three types on the 1898 cutting. Thus in the 

 1898 cutting spruce showed 2 per cent and hardwoods practically 

 none of the trees windthrown in all three types and balsam showed 

 10 per cent down in the spruce t3'pe, 14 per cent in the hardwood type 

 and 9 per cent in the balsam swamp type. 



In the 1915 cutting the damage to a given species was not quite so 

 uniform in all the types. On the spruce type 96 per cent of the spruce 

 was left standing and on the hardwood type only 90 per cent was left. 

 That is, spruce showed a difference of 6 per cent in number of trees 

 standing in different types. Hardwoods showed a similar dift'erence 

 of only one-half per cent, but balsam showed a range of 13 per cent 

 between the spruce and hardwood types. 



In general the damage was greater in the 1915 cutting than in the 

 1898 cutting. The damage done to hardwoods amounted to one-half 

 per cent of the total number of hardwoods in the 1915 cutting and 

 was negligible in the 1898 cutting. That is, the damage was only 

 one-half per cent greater in the 1915 cutting than in the 1898 cutting, 

 which indicates that, in so far as these species are concernefl, heavy 

 thinnings can be made with safety. With balsam the damage in the 

 1915 cutting was 2 per cent less in the spruce type, 1 per cent greater 

 in the balsam swamp type, and 1 per cent greater in the hardwood 

 type than in the same types in the 1898 cutting. Spruce showed similar 

 differences in damage between the two cuttings of 3 per cent greater 

 in the spruce type, 4.5 per cent in the balsam swamp type and 8 per 

 cent in the hardwood type. 



These figures show that on the lowlands the thinning had much less 

 effect on the amount of windfall to conifers than in the hardwood 

 tvpe, where the thinning increased the amount of windfall v to 8 per 



