EFFECT OF SPIRAL GRAIN ON STRENGTH 



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spiral and diagonal grain the two slopes were combined to get the true 

 or absolute slope of grain. As spiral grain appears in the tangential 

 plane or surface and diagonal grain in the radial plane the absolute or 

 combined slope is computed by taking the square root of the sum of the 

 squares of the slopes of spiral and diagonal grain. As a specific example 



Fig. 2. — ^Effect of spiral and diagonal grain on maximum drop. White ash. 



