NOTES ON THE BISHOP PINE 887 



tree beyond a doubt. These trees grew in the Luffenholz Creek 

 watershed about three miles south of Trinidad and from one to two 

 miles from the ocean. They occurred in mixture with Douglas fir 

 (Pseudotsuga taxifoUa), western hemlock {Tsuga heterophylla), and 

 lowland white fir (Abies grandis), as an understory beneath a stand 

 of coast redwood which averaged in the neighborhood of 75,000 board 

 feet per acre. The trees examined were standing on an almost level 

 plateau of light sandy loam soil which for several miles in each direc- 

 tion lies below the foothills of the coast range. This plateau is from 

 a mile to a mile and a half in width and at intervals swampy condi- 

 tions are found due to depressions in its surface or the presence of 

 an impervious layer in the subsoil. Most of the plateau has been 

 cut over in the process of logging operations and is now used chiefly 

 for grazing. It seems evident that the bishop pine occurred in mix- 

 ture with the redwood and associated species throughout this cut-over 

 area, a mile or more from the ocean, but that it did not in this region 

 occur in the gregarious and strictly littoral stands so characteristic 

 of the species farther south. 



The lumber company in attempting to keep the plateau in good 

 condition for grazing has burned over the cut-over area at frequent 

 intervals to destroy brush and tree reproduction. One such fire in 

 1911 had run for a short distance into the uncut timber so that many 

 of the bishop pines seen were dead or in a dying condition. A vig- 

 orous growth of young bishop pine seedlings was coming up on the 

 borders of the cleared area and it is probable that a good stand of 

 this tree would have been present with the redwood sprouts had the 

 area not been subject to the recurring fires. The reproduction seemed' 

 to be as thrifty and rapid growing as stands of this species I have 

 seen at Point Reyes (Marin County) and Monterey. The height 

 growth of the seedling shown in . the accompanying photograph was 

 found to be over 20 inches during its third year. 



These bishop pines are being cut by the Hammond Lumber Com- 

 pany as they come to them in logging operations and are used for car 

 sills in the repair shop and for bridge piling. Recently some of this 

 wood has been used for cooperage by the California Barrel Company. 

 According to A. H. Henderson, who was scaler for the Hammond 

 Company, they cut during the 1915 season about 130,000 board feet 

 of this pine, the trees averaging from 2,000 to 2,500 board feet per 

 tree. He stated that the trees cut during that year were of such 

 good form and so uniform in size that they averaged higher in board- 



