JACQUES LOEB ' 497 



or more such aggregates of two gelatin anions join to form larger ag- 

 gregates of four, six,»or eight gelatin anions, every one of which keeps 

 its original charge. This would account for all the phenomena 

 observed. 



We are only able to estimate the relative difference in the mobilities 

 of the cations. They are higher for K and NH4 than for Na 

 and Li, and we also find that the observed conductivities of K 

 and NH4 gelatinate in our experiments are higher than those of Na 

 and Li gelatinate, possibly to the amount the difference in mobility 

 of the ions named demands. 



Bayliss in comparing the osmotic pressure and the electrolytic dis- 

 sociation of solutions of Congo red found that it is ionized 80 per cent 

 in a dilution of 500 liters, yet, 



"The osmotic pressure [of such solutionsl found experimentally, both by direct 

 measurement and by vapour pressure, is, throughout a wide range of concentra- 

 tion, uniformly between 95 and 100 per cent, of what it would be if no dissociation 

 existed. Since it should be from one and a half to three times this value, accord- 

 ing to the concentration, it is plain that there are some abnormal conditions 

 present." 



Bayliss suggests an explanation similar to the one given above; 

 namely, "the possibility of aggregated simple ions carrying the sum 

 of the charges of their components."^ 



IV. Influence of Valency upon Swelling and Viscosity. 



It has been demonstrated in previous papers that the curves for 

 the values of viscosity and swelling are similar to the curves for os- 

 motic pressure and it has been stated that these properties must also 

 be a function of the relative number of metal gelatinate molecules and 

 ions formed. 



In Figs. 9 and 10 we give the curves for viscosity and swelling of 

 sodium and potassium gelatinate and in Figs. 11 and 12 the same 

 curves for barium gelatinate and calcium gelatinate. The values for 

 viscosity are given in times of outflow and the values for swelling in 

 terms of the height of cylinders of gelatin of the same diameter.^ On 



^ Bayliss, W. M., Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Series B, 1911, Ixxxiv, 253, 254. 

 9 Loeb, J., /. Biol. Chem., 1918, xxxiv, 77, 395. 



