656 VERMILION-DEFICIENCY 



cept Notch 8) after a longer or shorter period of struggling existence. 

 This fact also would indicate a positive action on the part of de- 

 ficiency such that the heterozygous females are of lower viability, 

 fertility, and productivity, even when, as in the cases of forked- 

 and of vermilion-deficiencies, no somatic character is observable. 



