180 



ELECTRIFICATION OF WATER 



brane is greater than the repelling action of the cation. The curves 

 reach a maximum when the solution reaches a molecular concentration 

 of about m/256 and from now on the curves drop rapidly with a fur- 

 ther increase in the concentration of the solution. We assume that 

 when the concentration of the solution of the sodium salts reaches a 

 certain value the repelHng action of the cation — in this case Na — 



I 



g 



O 

 10 





240 



220 



200 



180 



160 



140 



120 



100 



80 



60 



40 



20 



jlillirinnilllllllMriri 



4096 20481021 512 E56 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 



Concentration 



Fig. 5. 



increases more rapidly with increasing concentration than the attrac- 

 tive action of the anion upon the positively charged particles of water. 

 This drop, however, is comparatively smaller the higher the valency of 

 the anion. In the case of sodium chloride (Fig. 3) the curve is lower 

 at m/8 (the minimum) than at m/4,096, while for SO4 and oxalate the 

 minimum reached by the curves (at m/16) is considerably above that 



