188 



ELECTRIFICATION OF WATER 



and alkaline solutions of NaCl the CI ion attracts the water (which is 

 charged positively) and the fall of the curve is due to the Na ion. 

 The complete suppression of the rise which is caused in CaCl2 when 

 the solution is neutral or alkaHne, and in Na2S04 when the solution is 

 acid, is due to the fact that in these cases the attracting ion is mono- 



20 



n n n n n n n n n n n n n *r^ 



8192 4096 2048 1024 512 Z5& 128 64 32 16 "5" T 2 



Concentration 



Fig. 10. The Na2HP04 curve shows the initial rise and drop since the water 

 diffuses in the presence of this salt in the form of positively charged particles which 

 are attracted by the trivalent PO4 ion and repelled by the monovalent Na and 

 H ions. The NaH2P04 curve shows no initial rise, since in the presence of this 

 salt water diffuses in the form of negatively charged particles which are repelled 

 by the trivalent PO4 ion and attracted by the monovalent Na and H ion. 



valent and the repelling ion bivalent. Fig. 9 shows that the curves 

 representing the influence of the concentration of NaCl solutions upon 

 the rate of diffusion of water are similar for neutral, alkaline, and acid 

 solutions of NaCl. The drop is more considerable for NaNOa solu- 



