JACQUES LOEB 



191 



distilled water, we observe an initial rise of Hquid in the manometer. 

 For these experiments with acids, the collodion membranes must be 

 bathed once over night in a 1 per cent gelatin solution. Fig. 11 

 shows the influence of the nature and concentration of acid upon the 

 phenomenon. Since we are deaHng here with a loss of volume on the 





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Concentration 



Fig. 11. Negative osmosis in acids, showing that the drop occurs here as in 

 all other cases in a range of concentrations between m/256 and m/8 or m/4. The 

 drop is greater for acids with bivalent or trivalent anion than for acids with mono- 

 valent anion, showing that the drop is due to the repelling action of the anion upon 

 the negatively charged particles of water. 



part of the solution, we must plot the rise observed in the manometer 

 as a negative quantity below the zero line. The curves show that the 

 drop is confined to the same range of concentrations where a similar 

 drop occurs in the case of the neutral salts. The level of the water in 

 the manometer tube was at the beginning of the experiment about 

 30 mm. When the flasks thus filled with distilled water were put 



