564 



CAUSE OF INFLUENCE OF IONS. n 



membrane from that side of the membrane which has a smaller den- 

 sity of charge to that side which has a greater density. The density 

 of charge on a collodion membrane in contact with a watery solution 

 is influenced in an opposite sense by the oppositely charged ions of an 

 electrolyte in solution, the density being increased by that ion which 



Njiniiiiiirinrin nM 



4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 Z 



Concentration 



Fig. 1. Free osmosis. Effect of ions on free osmosis when water is positively 

 charged. Inside the collodion bag, solutions of CaCl2, KCl, K2SO4, and K3 

 citrate in different concentration; outside, H2O. Abscissae are the logarithms of 

 concentrations of electrolyte in the coUodion bag, ordinates the rise in level of 

 liquid in manometer after 20 minutes (with the exception of K3 citrate which is 

 given after 10 minutes). 



