J. A. S. Watson 63 



On the other hand, Lloyd Jones and Evvard (6), in crossing the 

 Galloway (polled) and Shorthorn obtained the following in 78 i^, : 



70 Clean Polled, 

 6 Scurred, 

 2 Horned. 



Unfortunately the sexes of the eight exceptional animals are not given, 

 but the two horned animals are attributed by the authors, with much 

 reasonableness, to the probably impure condition (with regard to horn- 

 lessness) of certain " grade " Galloway cows which were included in the 

 experiment ; and they found " no evidence that sex is in any way con- 

 nected with the inheritance of these characters." Against this it may be 

 mentioned that among crosses between Red Polls and Ayrshires at 

 present being bred in Dumfriesshire, a large proportion of the F^ males 

 bear horns. It appears certain that the degree of dominance of the polled 

 character in the male varies according to the particular breeds employed, 

 and varies too as between different individuals of the same cross. 



In the present experiment the distribution of horns in Fo was as 

 follows : 



Polled Hard"scurs" Normal horns 

 Females 15 — 3 



Males (castrated) 



Totals 



Including the male with 

 18 polled, 7 horned, which ag 



2 1 4 



17 



scurs " as polled, we obtain the numbers 

 >Tees very closely with the simple Men- 

 delian ratio of SZ) : IR. As the numbers are small, it is probably worth 

 while to combine them with those obtained by Lloyd-Jones and Evvard 

 in the Fo of the Galloway x Shorthorn cross above referred to, thus : 



Female Male Totals 



The numbers are again in very close agreement with the hypothesis, 

 originally advanced by Bateson and Saunders (7) and Spillman (8 and 

 8a), that the homed and polled conditions form a simple pair of Men- 

 delian characters. 



To revert to the question of dominance in the male, Wood (9) and 

 Arkell (10) have found that in crosses between horned and hornless 



