Journal 



OF THE 



NEW-YORK MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY 



Vol. X. APRIL, 1894. No. 2. 



A MICROSCOPICAL AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATION 



OF THE ADMIXTURES AND ADULTERATIONS 



IN PAPERS USED FOR AVRITING 



AND ENGRAVING. 



ANNUAL ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT, CHARLES S. SHULTZ. 

 (^Delivered January ^tA, 1894.) 



In my brief inaugural before the Society last January I spoke 

 of the importance of the microscope as a means of detecting 

 adulterations in food products, fabrics, etc. At that time I in- 

 cidentally mentioned that a friend and myself had begun the 

 examination of fine papers for a certain purpose. 



Explanation of Plate 39. 



Fig. 1.— Flax. From a fine example which was used in spinning at Flatbush, Long- 

 Island, in 1821. 



Fig. 3.— Linen fibre. Ready for paper-making. 



Fig. 3.— Linen paper. Extracted from a Michigan Central R. R. bond dated ISrS. 



Fig. 4.— Letter paper. Water-marked " Royal Irish Linen." Proves to be a mixture 

 of some linen and much cotton. 



Fig. 5.— Sea Island cotton. Shows twist in the fibres, but is not sufficiently enlarged 

 to show any diagonal plaid structure. 



Fig. 6.— The "Suspected Paper." Purported to be linen, but it proves to be a mixture 

 of some linen, much cotton, some poplar-wood fibre, etc. 

 Explanation of Plate 40. 



Fig. 7.— Longitudinal-radial section of the wood of Popuhis monilifera Ait., exhibit- 

 ing the peculiar screen-like blocks of the medullary rays noticed in specimens of paper 

 made from the pulp of this wood. 



Fig. 8.— Poplar-wood fibre pulp. Made by "soda process." 



Fig. 9.— Longitudinal-radial section of spruce wood. 



Fig. 10.— Spruce-wood fibre, pulped. "Sulphite jirocess." 



Fig. 11.— Reputed " cottonseed-hull pulp." Proves to be fibre of coniferous wood. 



All the figures are enlarged about 250 diameters. 



