INVERTEBRATA, CRYPTOGAMIA, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 549 



of its papilla, so that, besides tlie anus, tlie gut has several dozen 

 external apertures, of use, probably, in the ingestion of water. 



In Pleuroh-anchcea, another curious arrangement was found, namely, 

 a duct opening in front of the gill, and placing the surrounding water 

 in communication with the auricle of the heart. There is also a duct 

 running alongside the kidney, and, as in Doris, placing the pericardial 

 cavity in communication with the kidney. 



Generative Organs of the Cephalopoda-* — Dr. Brock points out 

 how little is really known as to the characters of these structures, 

 with the exception, of course, of those two remarkable jjoints which 

 have long attracted the attention of naturalists — the sjDermatophore 

 and the hectocotylus. 



The male organs are highly differentiated, and consist of the 

 seminal gland, together with an efferent apparatus, which is made up 

 of several parts, and has various accessory organs, of remarkable 

 structure and unknown function, connected with it. Of all the 

 curious points, perhaps the fact that— so far as is yet known — 

 there is no Cephalopod in which the efferent duct is directly 

 connected with the testis, is the most striking, although there is a 

 very close analogy between this arrangement and that which obtains 

 in the females of the Vertebrata. The testis is ordinarily tubular 

 in structure ; the efferent portion consists of a long canal, which is 

 divided into a thinner and a thicker portion ; the latter is probably 

 glandular in structure, and is in function connected with the formation 

 of spermatophores (vesicula seminalis—GnyieT) ; the third portion is 

 only well developed in the Decapoda, and received consequently no 

 name from Cuvier, who busied himself most largely with the anatomy 

 of Octopus. Dr. Brock proposes to call it the vas efferens. With this 

 longish duct is connected the prostate and a csecal sac ; it leads into 

 the sac for the spermatophores. This organ, perhaps most commonly 

 known as " Needham's pouch," has had various functions assigned to 

 it ; it ordinarily forms a wide flask-shaped receptacle, which, in the 

 Decapoda, opens into the mantle cavity by a wide neck, and in the 

 Octopoda into an elongated muscular penis, which likewise floats 

 freely in the mantle cavity. The arrangements found in Sepia offi- 

 cinalis, Loligo vulgaris, Sepiola Roncleletii, Eledone moschata, and Octojms 

 are then described in detail, as are also the female organs of the same 

 forms. As to these, the arrangements of the Octojioda are simjder 

 than those of the Decapoda, and the same, it may be observed, applies 

 to the male organs ; the former have two symmetrical oviducts, but 

 only one pair of accessory glands, while in the Decapoda there are a 

 number of accessory glands, but only one — the left — oviduct. The 

 large flask-shaped nidamental glands seem to be found in all Deca- 

 poda ; the glands accessory to them are compact (Sepiola), or are 

 formed of two symmetrical halves, connected by a narrow isthmus 

 (Sepia), or of two separate glands (Loligo) ; and the orifices of these 

 glands are so arranged that their secretions must mix, if both sets 

 secrete at the same point of time. 



Histological examination reveals the fact that not only can two 

 * 'Zeitsclir. wiss. Zool.,' xxxii. (1878) p. 1. 



