INVERTEBRATA, CRYPTOCrAMIA, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 729 



which is, of course, the precise converse of the principle of division 

 of labour. 



Helminthological Studies.* — It is quite impossible to do more 

 than draw attention to the energy of Professor von Linstow, from 

 whom a further contribution of " Helminthological Studies" appears 

 in the 2ud part of the ' Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte ' for 1879. Of 

 forty-two forms described, and mostly figured, nineteen are regarded 

 as new. A useful table is given of the characters of the eight species 

 of the genus Distomum, which are known to be found in German 

 reptiles, in the course of the description of a ninth species (from 

 Angn is fi -ag il Is). 



Ascaris parasitic in the Lion, f — M. Chatin describes immature, 

 male, and female forms of this worm, and shows that in the absence 

 of the membranous expansions (" winged at its head ") and in the 

 characters of its mouth it differs from A. mystax which inhabits the 

 domestic cat ; in addition to this there are differences in the digestive 

 tube and generative organs which speak to A. leptodera, as defined by 

 Rudolphi, being a distinct sjiecies. 



Ascaris of the Orang-Outang. li. — The same author enters into the 

 details of the structure of this parasite, which has ordinarily been 

 regarded as A. lumhricoidcs ; the new species A. satyri differs, how- 

 ever, in its smaller size, while the body is more closely striated, the 

 " buccal valves " (or labial lobes) are much smaller, the oesophagus 

 is provided with a well-marked enlargement, the uterus is more 

 highly developed, and the ova are smaller than in the ordinary 

 parasite of the human subject. 



Filaria Otarise. § — M. Chatin describes this new species of 

 Nematoid parasite from the muscles of Otaria Stelleri, of which his 

 bibliographical researches have revealed no previous indication. A 

 short technical description is given. 



Muscle-cells of the Nematoids.||— In a new genus, not yet named, 

 parasitic in CaUicWnjs, M. Chatin has observed some "true" muscle- 

 cells, which were short and ovoid, and narrower in their terminal 

 region ; easily separated by potash, they were seen to consist of a 

 mass of protoplasm with a refractive and excentrically placed nucleus ; 

 no distinct envelope could be observed, and the cortical layer was 

 merely differentiated. 



Further Studies on the Oligochaeta.H— Dr. Franz Vejdovsky, in 

 describing a new si^ecies — bohemica — of the genus AnacJiceta, points 

 out that in it he has observed that what D'Ukedem called the " cap- 

 sulogenous," and he has called the " dissepimental glands," open by 

 two glandular efferent ducts into the pharynx, and that their secretion 

 appears to have some function in the ingestion of nutriment, so that 

 the EnchytrceidcB, like most of the Arihropoda, possess two pairs of 



* ' Arch. Naturg.,' xlv. (1879) p. 1G5. 



t ' CR. Soc. Biol.' for 1877 (1879) p. 26G. 



X Ibid., p. 384. § Ibid., p. 204. 1| Ibid., p. 278. 



H ' Zool. Anzeiger,' ii. (1879) p. 183. 



