Febrnary 11, 1809. 1 



JOURNAL OP HOBTIOUIiTORB AND OOTTAQB GABDENER. 



iioe 



Asplcninm fl.icciclam and HjmenoplivUnm puIuUorrimum on 

 tbe boughs of so many of the trees. Vegetation is luxuiiiint in 

 the bnsh, water most plentiful. Many chaiming varieties of 

 Hymenophjllum, snch as crispatum, deuiissura, multifidum, 

 and lovely speuies of Mosses— for example, Uypnum margi- 

 natum, Omalia pnlohella and falcifolia, i-u., with countless 

 varieties of .JungermanDias literally olothe the ground; and in 

 these damp and dark bushes we lind the much-coveted Todea 

 snperba and hymenophylloides, growing to the height of 

 3 feet, as plentifully as the Albjriom FiUx-foemina does with 

 us here. 



Now, it certainly cannot be a dry atmosphere which causes 

 Lichens to thrive so marvellously in these places, for the bushes 

 are particularly moist ; and I can scarcely fall in with your 

 correspondent's views respecting the sea air laden with saline 

 matter being very unfavourable to the growth of Ijicliens. For 

 instance, anyone acquainted with Auckland will be familiar 

 with the Domain, which is onlya few hundred yards from the 

 sea. At one of the entrances to the gardens is an orchard, 

 and all the fruit trees are completely clothed with Lichens, 

 Usnea barbata being very conspicuous. On the road to One- 

 hunga, at the base of the extinct volcano Mount Wellington, 

 huge blocks of scorirelie scattered in all directions covered very 

 thickly with Lichens, especially with Stereocaulon ramulosum. 

 This part is exposed to the sea breezes from both east and west 

 eoasts. 



One may judge how favourable the climate of New Zealand 

 is to the growth of Lichens and Mosses from the fact that I 

 collected in a short time ninety species of the former and a 

 hundred of the latter. I also found eighty species of Perns. 

 I am inclined to think, from all I have seen, that dampness ia 

 conducive to the growth of Lichens, and that sea air is not 

 destruotive to this class of plants or Mosses. — Eangitiba. 



NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 

 We arc desired by the representatives of the Horlioultnral 

 Society of Russia, to request those gentlemen who propose to 

 exhibit at the forthcoming Inteesational Hoeticcltural Ex- 

 hibition at St. Peiersdorg, and also those who intend taking 

 part in the Botanical Congress, to forward their names, and 

 a statement of what they intend to exhibit, without delay to 

 one or other of the following gentlemen : — Dr. Masters, 

 Gardeners' Chronicle Office ; Dr. Hogg, of The .Jodrnal of 

 Hokticdluj-re ; or Mr. H. J. Veitch, King's Boad, Chelsea. 

 The arrangements to be made depend materially on the 

 number of exhibitors and visitors. The English railway com- 

 panies decline to make any concession, but it is expected that 

 the Belgian railway companies will make liberal arrangements 

 of which British exhibitors may avail themselves. The Horti- 

 cultural Society of Russia states that railway transit is the 

 only reliable method of transport, as the sea carriage is uncer- 

 tain, on account of the bloek-ice from Lake Ladoga, which, 

 even till the middle of May, often bars the Bay of St. Petersburg. 

 At the border stations (Wirballen and Gianize) of the two prin- 

 cipal railway routes to Russia, representatives of the Society will 

 attend, to see that all objects for exhibition are immediately 

 transmitted, and also to advise and assist gentlemen proceed- 

 ing to the Exhibition and Congress. All objects addressed to 

 the " Internationale Ausstlelung von Gegenstiinden des Gar- 

 tenbaues in St. Petersburg," will be forwarded to the place of 

 exhibition without being opened on the border. Objects 

 entered for exhibition will be received after the 2nd of May. 

 All plants intended for exhibition must be in St. Petersburg 

 by the 14th of May, because the Prize Committee assembles on 

 the 16tb, the day before the opening. Plants arriving in bud 

 will be carried to a special house to bring them into flower for 

 the Show. All foreign guests will be received at the railway 

 stations in St. Petersburg by members of the " Commission 

 for the Reception of Guests," by whom all necessary information 

 respecting lodgings, &c., will be communicated. Any of the 

 foreign visitors who may wish to secure apartments beforehand 

 can either address themselves to the " Commission der Inter- 

 nationalen Ausstellung von Gegenstanden des Gartenbaues in 

 St. Petersburg," or place themselves in communication with 

 one of the representatives of the Society. We may add that 

 the average price of lodgings in St. Petersburg is from MJ francs 

 per day for bed room, attendance, and coffee ; and that the 

 Commission for the reception of guests will take measures to 

 ensure proper attention to the wishes of visitors. All exhibitors, 

 and members of the Prize Committee and Congress, will re- 



ceive personal cards entitling themselves and their effects to 

 the reduction in fares that will bo conceded in iheir behalf. 



WORK FOR THE WEEK. 



kitchen oarden. 

 The operations recommended in former calendars, if not 

 already pei formed, should be proceeded with at once. Trench 

 and otherwise prepare ground for plantations of Rhuharh and 

 Sea-kale; transplant Lettuces that have stood the winter in 

 beds ; plant the principal crop of Ash-leaved or other early 

 Potatoes; and make fresh plantations of Sorrel — the French 

 Sorrel is much the best. Fork up or otherwise loosen the sur- 

 face of the ground amongst all growing crops, to admit the 

 air and otherwise sweeten and pulverise the soil, and besides 

 these advantages the crops look belter than when the crust of 

 the earth in which they stand has all the appearance of a high- 

 way. The chief rule to be observed with all annual vegetables, 

 is never to have two crops of the same class directly following 

 each other. Though excellent plans of rotation may be laid 

 down, yet the perind that will elapse before the ground is again 

 occupied by a similar crop will depend upon the wants of the 

 establishment and the quantity of ground at the disposal of 

 the gardener. Those who require to have several crops on the 

 ground at the same time, will find that Celery is a good pre- 

 paration for Carrots, Turnips, Parsnips, Onions, and early 

 Cauliflowers, or for Peas with Potatoes and Winter Greens, or 

 Broccoli, between the rows. Autumn-sown Ouions may be 

 succeeded by Spinach or Lettuce, and early Cauliflowers by 

 autumn Onions. Spring-sown Onions will be advantageously 

 succeeded by Cabbages in beds, with Scarlet Runners between; 

 and if the Cabbages stand all summer and the following winter, 

 the ground in the spring will come in along with the Broccoli 

 ground for Celery, Potatoes, and Peas, the early Potatoes being 

 planted in the trenches, and the Peas sown on the ridges. 



FRUIT GAEDEN. 



Proceed with pruning and nailing when not too cold for these 

 operations. If any planting still remains to he done, let it be 

 performed as soon as the ground is in a fit state for that pur- 

 pose. Do not, as is sometimes done, over- manure, it is a great 

 mistake to encourage the production of gross, long-jointed 

 wood in any stage of the existence of a fruit tree. Wood of 

 this description never becomes thoroughly ripened, and in the 

 case of stone fruits, gum, canker, and premature death, are 

 sometimes the result ; while of Pears anything deserving the 

 name of a crop is never obtained till the gross habit induced 

 by planting in over-rich soil has been overcome. Ground in- 

 tended for fruit trees should first be drained effioiently, and 

 then trenched to the depth of 2 feet ; and if the natural soil is 

 found to be too poor for the health and growth of the trees, a 

 sufficient quantity of fresh turfy loam should be added, but 

 rich, stimulating manures should not be used, for they are soon 

 exhausted, and the trees are left to depend upon the natural 

 soil for their support, and when treated in this way never give 

 satisfaction. 



FLOWER GARDEN. 



Bourbon, Tea-scented, and other tender Boses, may now, as 

 the weather is favourable, be pruned, and the beds manured 

 and lightly forked. Roses, however, do not dislike a rather 

 firm soil, and care should be taken not to injure their roots by 

 forking or digging too much. The best manure for them is 

 well-rotted cow dung, which should be applied after carefully 

 loosening the soil, and an inch or two of fresh mould sprinkled 

 over it will obviate any unpleasant appearance it might other- 

 wise present if kept near the surface. As before observed, see 

 that all planting is completed forthwith. Improve as much ag 

 possible all outlines. Plant fresh masses or groups when ne- 

 cessary, and introduce specimen plants where fitting opportu- 

 nities offer. Much mischief is done by planting single speci- 

 mens in recesses ; these should be carefully preserved, as a 

 general rule, to give deep shadows, and to throw the prominent 

 features into bold relief. 



GREENHOnSE AND CONSERVATORY. 



Camellias done blooming should, if possible, be removed 

 forthwith to some of the houses at work ; a moist atmosphere, 

 a temperature averaging C0°, and a canvas shadirig overhead 

 are the requisites in order to cause them to produce wood 

 freely and large leaves. The shading must by no means be 

 neglected. Climbers in the conservatory should have a thorough 

 dressing about this period, cutting away weak and decayed 

 wood, and shortening back shoots (to farnich bark Vfood) pre- 



