AprU 15, 1869. ] 



JOUKNAIi OF nOimOULTUBE AND COTTAGE GARDENEB. 



259 



those used for picldep, half fill them with water, and plauf e 

 them to the rim between the rows. I thou rub uotiic larJ in 

 the inside under the rim, and thus have a trap which does not 

 require much setting, or treading on the ground. — W. li. J. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S MEETING. 



The second March meeting was held on the Ifitb of that mouth, the 

 President, Mr. U. W. Bates, beiuf; in the chair. 



A letter was read from Mr. Schrader, from Cliina, containing a 

 series of notes and (juories on the trunsformatioua uf the curioUM genus 

 of Moths. Oilicticus, the larvic of which nmlie terrestrial eaddico caBCH, 

 and of which the females are iTuwicKly masses destitute of limbs, and 

 which sometimes do nut even quit the chrysalis skin, within which the 

 eggs are deposited. Mr. McLachlau exhibited a gigantic species of 

 Kphemera from Vcragna. measuring nearly '.' inches in the expanse of 

 the wings. It was probably ideuti(uil with b.. Hecuba (Palingenia sp.) 

 of Dr. Hagen, from Vera Cruz. Mr. W. C. Hewitsou exhibited a series 

 of JButtertiies cai>tured by Mr. Bell in Nicaragua, a portion of which 

 had been exhibited at the preceding mcctiug ijy Mr. iJruce. Descrip- 

 tions of new species belonging to the genera Helicouia, iCresia, Eubagis, 

 iletiora, Mesotemia, and Nympbiduim were read by Mr. Hewitson, 

 together with desciiptiuns of two new species of Pajiilio from Ecuador. 



Mr. 1^'rederick Smith exhibited a new iiritish Bee, the Apis canicu- 

 laria of Linnieua, belonging to the genus Colletes, but which is known 

 on the Continent under the name of Apis hirta. Four specimens of 

 the male and nine of the female were taken by Mr. N. Cooke, of Liver- 

 pool, in the Isle of Wight in May, l,S(i7. 



Mr. Butler exhibited some varieties of different species of British 

 Buttertiies which he had captured at Chamounix, in Switzerland, in 

 July and August, 18b7, which in various respects ditfered, apparently 

 permanently, from their English representatives. Mr. Staintou added 

 that the common Atalauta Butterfly dihered in its habits in the south 

 of Prance and Italy from those of Enghsb specimens. 



The President exhibited a box of specimens of Butterflies of the 

 Machaon division, with the view of showing the amount of range both 

 in geographical distribution and in the moditication ot size and colour 

 which they exhibited in certain districts, whilst in the greater number 

 of localities the species seemed to be lixcd and unchangeable, whence 

 he was led to suppose that such modiheations would in process of time 

 become permanently established in distinct species. Thus, in Japan 

 there were at least two well-marked varieties of Machaon, one of very 

 large size, co-existing with P. xuthos and P. xutbulus, closely allied 

 species, as they are now termed. He also exhibited four American 

 species of the same group — viz.. P. zelicax)n, sadalus, asterias, and a 

 still darker " variety," named as a distinct species by b'abricius. This 

 exhibition led to considerable discussion, in which the '' development 

 system " was opposed by Professor Westwood and other members, and 

 supported by Mr. Wallace, &c. 



The President also contributed a memoir on the Prionideous Longi- 

 cora Beetles of the Amazon Valley. Some of these insects are amongst 

 the most gigantic forms of the Annulosa. They are essentially wood- 

 feeders ; their larv;e are greedily devourtd by the negroes- The 

 perfect insects are very rare, and nocturnal in their habits. Twenty- 

 live species were described from the Amazon Valley, chielly captured 

 by Mr. Bates himself, the total number of species from tropical America 

 being 166. 



Mr. McLachlan read a memoir containing descriptions of eleven 

 European species of Panorpa, together with a curious new species from 

 Java. There had hitherto been great confusion and dilbculty in de- 

 termining the species of this genus, but the author had been enabled 

 to elassiiy them correctly by employing the characters atforded by the 

 variation in the structures of the appendages at the extremity of the 

 body. 



NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 

 We have received a programme of the Inteenation.\l Agei- 



CULTDRAL AND HOKTICOLTtJKAL EXHIBITION tO be held at Co- 



rENBAOEN, from the 6th to the llih of July. In the horticul- 

 tural department prizes are offered for Collections of vegetables, 

 collections of Peas, the best-coltivated vegetable in season, 

 collections of forced or retarded vegetables, the best forced or 

 retarded vegetable, the most numeroas collection of Straw- 

 berries, one kind of dessert fruit unforced, one kind of dessert 

 fruit forced ; and there are classes tor fruit trees in pots or 

 boxes, and for various modes of training, as well as for garden 

 and grass seeds. In the division for ornamental plants and cut 

 flowers, there are classes for collections of stove and green- 

 house plants generally. Ferns, and beautiful-leaved plants, for 

 single specimens, Koses, Pelargoniums, hardy trees and shrubs, 

 both deciduous and evergreen, trees and shrubs with variegated 

 leaves, hardy herbaceous plants, new plants, cut Koses, bouquets, 

 &o. Economic plants, plans of gardens and horticultural struc- 

 tures, models, &c., are also invited. Though not entering into 

 the horticultural division of the exhibition, garden tools, seeds 

 and plants of forest trees, and different kinds of wood and 



bark, also find a place. Forms of entry must be returned by 

 intending exhibitors before June l.'ith, to Mr. D.-Desaan, 

 Hauserplads, 12, Copenhagen. 



WORK FOR THE WEEK. 



KITCUEN OARDES. 



The repairing of edgings of Box and other plants round the 

 walks of the kitchen garden having been completed, the gravel 

 walks should either he turned over, or a coat of fresh gravel added, 

 having previously loosened the old surface. Let the whole be 

 levelled and well rolled, repeating this operation, particularly 

 after rain, till they become perfectly solid. In re-forming them, 

 round them slightly in the middle, for rain to pass easily to the 

 sides, hut no more than this, except in very wet situationg. 

 The walks having been thus regulated, and the edgings, &c., 

 put in proper order, the whole will have an appearance of neat- 

 ness and good keeping, and if directions respecting manuring 

 the vegetable quarters for the season have been carried out, the 

 cropping and general management during the summer need 

 not cause any deviation from neatness and good order. If 

 the tine growing weather we are now having should be Bue- 

 ceeded by a cold period, slight protection should be afforded to 

 young or newly-planted vegetables ; a row of short spray placed 

 to windward, or a ridge of earth thrown up on the same side, 

 will help to ward off cutting winds. Water newly-planted sub- 

 jects cautiously, and these in the morning, for the plants to 

 become dry before night. Sow a few Duarf Kidncij Beam on 

 a south border, and keep a supply in pots for transplanting 

 early next month. Stick Fcas as they advance; in the spaces 

 between the rows plant out Caidijhwers, &a., as the Peas will 

 afford them a slight shelter. 



FRUIT GARDEN. 



A sloping bank should now be prepared, and planted witfi 

 runners of the Alpine Strawberry, for fruiting in September 

 and October ; plant threes in patches at intervals of 15 inches ; 

 the ground between should be covered with slates when the 

 plants are established. 



FLOWER GARDEN. 



The long continuance of cold winds will have been very 

 trying to large-sized evergreens that have been recently trans- 

 planted, and the attention and expense in watering, which these 

 will have required to carry them safely through, may probably 

 convince many persons of the impropriety of removing large 

 plants in winter and spring. Those who iiave an opportunity 

 of judging between September and winter or spring-trans- 

 planted shrubs and trees, will agree that early in autumn 

 is the best seasn for the removal of plants ot any considerable 

 size. Nothing but the most watchful attention will save 

 those that have been recently transplanted, and besides keep- 

 ing the roots regularly moist, watering the plants overhead 

 with the garden engine towards evening will be necessary in 

 the case of such as may appear to be suffering from the dry- 

 ing weather ; and every plant should be examined daily and 

 carefully, so that nothing may be allowed to suffer from neglect. 

 Take advantage of the present favourable weather for the de- 

 struction of weeds, and to clean shrubbery and herbaceous 

 borders ; indeed, it will be advisable to run the Dutch hoe over 

 these, if merely to lighten the surface of the soil. Attend to 

 the potting-off ot Carnations and Picotees ; be careful in seeiDg 

 that no wireworms escape into the soil in which they are 

 potted ; should one of these troublesome insects hud its way 

 into the pot it would in a short time do considerable damage, 

 when a little trouble bestowed in looking at the soil might have 

 obviated it ; to make sure, place some pieces of Potato in the 

 pot, and look at them every morning, taking crire to remove 

 the wireworms, should any be in them. Take especial care of 

 the frames during the night, and that the expanding blooms of 

 Auriculas do not receive a check, for should they, they will, 

 perhaps, have some difficulty in expanding, and during bursts 

 of sunshine in the day it would be advisable to cover the frame 

 with canvas or netting, so as to break the direct rays of the 

 sun. Pansies in pots, keep free from decaying foliage and the 

 fly. Keep Tulips protected, for at this season should there be 

 a hail storm it would do much injury. 



GREENHOUSE AND CONSERVATORY. 



Any attention which will serve to prolong the beauty of the 

 Azaleas and New Holland plants, with which the show house 

 should now be gay, will be well bestowed, as when these are 

 over, it will, in most onses be impossible to furnish the house 

 with equally handsome specimens, and the same variety of 



