316 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ May G, 1869. 



and apply to the walks with a fine-rosed watering-pot, taking care to keep 

 it from the Box edging or grass. The above quantity will be enough for 

 '25 square yards. 



Passiflora RACEM08A (An Old Suhscriber).~lt is the nature of the 

 plant to ramble or climb, and you cannot make a bush of it without 

 injury to the blooming ; but you may shorten the shoots which grow too 

 rampant and undesirably long, tbin tbe others where too numerous, and 

 train them up or down so as to secure the covering of the pillar and 

 rafter, allowing the shoots lo hang down after they show for flower. You 

 may thus have a pillar of bloom, all the more desirable because it is pro- 

 duced on graceful, irregular, and pendent shoots, instead of in the stiff 

 formal manner altogether unsuitable for some plants, this being one of 

 them. 



Camellias and Azaleas (G. S.).— Under tho glass roof with S.W. 

 aspect, will be very suitable for them in summer, the p'.nnts having pre- 

 viously been placed iu a bouse where tbere is a brisk heat and a moist 

 atmosphere, to secure a good free growth. The ripening of the wood will 

 be secured in tbe glazed f-tructure you name, and as it is open at one end 

 and the front, there will bo plenty of air, which is desirable. The plants 

 should not be placed under the glazed roof until the middle of June. 

 Keep them well supplied with water, and in hot weather they may be 

 syringed in the evening only, so as to allow of the foliage becoming dry 

 before tbe sun shines powerfully npnu the house. 



Roses {E. I. />.).— Lady Franklin is a Hybrid Perpetual. 



Gkn£eal Jacquesitnot Rose Weak (W. H. S.).— Probably the soil is 

 not suitable for the stock, as it throws up suckers so plentifully, and wo 

 therefore presume your soil is light, and that the Rose is worked on the 

 Briar stock. We advise you to frequently syringe the Rose in the even- 

 ings of hot days, to top-dress with c^-w dung, und to water freely in dry 

 weather, removing all suckers as they appear. In November remove the 

 surface soil from tbe ro its, taking away as much of the old soil as it is 

 possible to do without injuring them, and sever every sucker at its origin. 

 Then replace tbe soil removed with a compost of equal parts of cow dung 

 and strong loam, if it can be had, adding about one-sixth of crushed 

 bones. Mulch wii h a few inches of stable litter, an i prune the head rather 

 closely in February or the beginning of March. 



Planting Dahlia Tubers (Amateur Gardener). —Tho crown of the 

 tubers must be go* d, and a portion of that crown with an eye or bud 

 should be secured with each division. Without an eye or bud the tubers 

 are of no use. Could you not plant them entire in the soil in a frame, 

 and when the shoots were a few inches long divide, preserving with every 

 shoot a portion of the tuber, however small ? You might then either pot 

 off the divisions, place in a frame for a short time, and well harden off 

 before planting out ; or you may plant out tho divisions where they are to 

 flower, protecting them from very hot son and frobt by inverted flower 

 pots. 



Flower-gabden Plan (A. B. C.).— We like the plan of the garden, but 

 we would enlarge the square or diamond in the centre, and curve the 

 lines to resemble tbe lines of all the other clumps. 4, 4, 5, 5, would be 

 improved by yellow Calceolaria in the centre. 



Grapes Spotted (C Sirai/ie).— See the answer we have given to 

 another correspondent to-day. 



Vine Declining (CUjtoniensis).— Some of the blotches on the Vine 

 leaves are somewhat like scalding ; but the red appearance on the leaves 

 in addition intimates that the digestive powers of the Vine are deranged. 



The roots are probably decaying. [Since the above was written we hear 



that the Vine is dead.] 



Vine Training (T.).— The practice of " G. H." is right enough where 

 you have abundant rooui, but when you wish to make the most of your 

 glass roof, you are quite right in stopping your Vine shoots at one or two 

 joints beyond the fruit. 



Vinery [Constant A'-'atZcr).— With Vines against tbe back wall and Vinet-J 

 in front, we presume tho twenty-six Vinet» planted in the middle of the 

 house have their bearing wood coutined to the rafters. We lately de- 

 scribed a house near Hitchen, where the Vines are planted in the middle 

 of the house and bear right co the ground. Yours do not do so, we pre- 

 sume, otherwise we think the plan good enough in such a wide house ; 

 and we have no doubt the Barbarossa Grape will ripen well in the same 

 temperature as the Muscats ripen so well in. 



Grapes Shrivelling (HH.rp»/).— The bunches shrivel up, owing either 

 to imperfect root action or the imperfect ripening of the wood last season. 

 Roots sinking too deep are also a cause. The blotching of the-leaves is 

 the result of a moist atmosphere, and of the sun shining on the house before 

 the condensed vapour has escaped by ventilation. Early ventilating ip 

 the only prevention. 



Hothouse [H. £.)•— Your arrangements will do very well, but you will 

 want at least a third more hot-water piping; in fact, if yon require 

 tropical heat, double the piping would not Le too much. 



Various (il. A'. O ).— It ia not too early to pinch the shoots of pyramidal 

 trees, if they, as you say, have made early growth. We have pinched 

 ours under glass ; not yet iu the open air. We are not sure of the grub 

 that has destroyed your Pelargonium roots. You did quite right in pro- 

 pagating the stems. Most likely the grub was in the soil, a reason why 

 all soil for pot plants should be carefully examined. Do not keep the 

 Vallota purpurea quite dry at any time. Tbe plants will wmt more water 

 now, they should never lose their green foliage altogether. The Strawberry 

 leaf belongs to the viiriety Cinquefolia, much liked by some amateurs, 

 just as some people think all Strawberries worthless except the Hautbois. 



Various [An Old Subscriber).— The Peach leaves were all dried up. II 

 blighted, it is as well to remove them, and, if troubled with insects, clean 

 them by washing or smoking. Tulip seed requires no glass. Sow at 

 once or in the autumn, cover with aboat one-e ghth of an inch of soil, 

 protect with a little moss or leaf mould in winter, and in from fonrto 

 seven years you have bulbs strong enough to bloom ; that is all you can 

 well expect. As far as we can make out, the planting of the border will 

 look very well ; but if you have a walk on each side, we would have Pelar- 

 goniums on each side alternately with the Roses, and the row of Gladi- 

 olus in the centre we would make up with Phloxes aud yellow Calceolarias. 

 The edgings propo^^ed will look very well. 



Names of Plants {TF".)— We cannot name your Cactus from your 

 description. The points you mention coincide with C. mammillarifl. 

 {J. Cf.). — No. 1, Lesser Periwinkle, Vinca minor; No. 2, Kerria japonica. 

 {Rev. R. t\ WheHer, IF/tiaey).— Claytonia nerfollata. [J. A.).—l, Orobos 

 vemus ; 2, Aster (AgathEea) coelestis ; 4, Dielytra formoaa ; 5, Niphobolus 

 linsaa. {H. Bottornlcy). — 1, Luzula campestris ; 2, Chryaosplenium oppo- 

 sitifoUura. (Roteri).— 2, Deutzia gracilis; 3. Ireaine Herbstii ; 4, OJxalJB 

 acetosella ; 6, Saxifiraga sarmentosa. {Settle}.— 1, Ceanothus dentatus ; 

 2, Aster ccelestis foliis variegatis. {O. S.I.— 1, Alyssum saxatile ; 2, Iberis, 

 too meagre to determine the speciei. (Done Brown). — Certainly nothing 

 else but the common Broom. Spai-tium scoparium. (A. Taiflor). — 1, Saxi- 

 fraga Ugulata ; 2, Pulmonaria officinalis ; 3, Myosotls arvensis alba. 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS in the Suburbs of Londou for the week ending May 4th. 



POULTRY, BEE, AND PIGEON CHRONICI,E. 



■ I ■ I I ■ I . — 



EAST INDIAN WILD BREEDS OF POULTRY. 



{Continued from page 249.) 

 Tbe Gallus ferrugineus has had several other designations 

 besides its proper cue and those of Gallus Bankiva and Gallus 

 Stanley!, such as the native names for it in India, as Ayam 

 utan, Brooga, and many other Indian provincial designations ; 

 also Malayan, Javan, and Burmese names for the same wild 

 bird there also known. The following extract from a work on 

 natural history, is perhaps worth quoting : — " It seems to be 

 generally understood, that our English domesticated farmyard 

 fowls, or their original, was first introduced into Europe from 

 Persia, and not from India, and that tbe Persian originals were 

 white-skinned, brown-legged birds ; while the Indian originals 

 were, or are still, yellow-skinned, yellow and willow-legged 

 birds. It is also our firm belief, that our common farmyard 

 iowls are not traceable to any wild race of fowls now at present 

 in existence, though such an original race did once exist iu 



Persia and other, not Indian, parts of Asia ; but, on the other 

 hand, that our willow and ycUow-lesged, yellow-akinned va- 

 rieties of the Game fowls and Game Bantams are clearly trace- 

 able to the non-existing or stiH-existing East Indian Wild 

 Jungle fowl." Malays, Cochins, and Brabmaa being chiefly 

 yellow-legged and yellow-skinned, may also have been the de- 

 scendants of the yellow-legged East Indian Gallus ferrugineus, 

 though so very dissimilar in shape and size. Our white-skinned 

 breeds of English Game fowls, and all other white-skirmed 

 breeds of poultry are, I think, descendants of the extinct 

 originals once found in Persia, Asia Minor, and other, not 

 Indian, western parts of Asia. Thus it would appear that the 

 tropical or Indian, and Malayan, Burmese, and Aracanese 

 birds are yellow-skinned with yellow and greenish legs, and 

 that the extinct white-skinned, brovra-legged, or horn-colonred- 

 legged sorts were of Persia and Asia without the tropics, so 

 that the more northern wild original is extinct, while the 

 southern or tropical wild breed still exists in the yet uncleared 

 jangles of the southern or tropical regions. All the older 

 writers on poultry distinctly assert that our breeds derive their 

 origin from two distinct wild species, the Gallus giganteus and 



