Mny 20, 1869. 1 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



819 



Flotchor (Fantoilo) ; J. Dealdn (Carriers) ; 0. Lytho (Fantails) ; J. Mason ; 

 11. Taylor. 



Thu .rmlRes of PmiJlry were Mr. Harry Adams, of Bovorloy, anil Mr. 

 Ktlward Howittt, of Birmioi^ham ; and for I'i'jcons, Mr. F. Ksqoilaut, 

 of London, and Mr. E. Hntton, of I'adsey. 



BEDLINGTON POULTKY AND PIGEON SHOW. 



Thf. following are the awards made at this Show, held ou the 18th 

 iiutaut. We must defer farther remarks till next week. 



Game Cock (Any variety).— 1, John Brouf?h, Carlisle (Black Red). 2, A. 

 Baglass, Carville,' Durham (Black Kid). 8, E. Aykroyd, Bradford, 

 r/ic, J. Barrow, jun., Bradley Field, Kendal (Black Itcd). /ic, Joseph 

 BrnuRh, Carlisle; J. Hudspeth, Sunderland (Duckwinff). 



Oamk (Black-breasted and other liedsK— 1 and Cup, K. Aykroyd. 2, John 

 Brout^h. 8, Joseph Brough. he, W. Bearpark, Northallerton. 



tJAME (Duckwings and other Grevs).— 1, G. Taylor, BedliuKton Colliery. 

 2, E. Aykroyd. 8, W. Bearpark. 



Game (Any other variety).—!. John Brougb (Lemon-piled). 2, G. Percy, 

 West Cramlingtou (White). 3, W. I)ryadale, Dud'ey (Lemon-piled). 



HAuncitoHS (Goldcn-spanglcd).— 1, H. Beldon', Goitstock, Bingloy 

 ■2, S. & K. Ashton, Koe Cross, JIuttram, Cheshire. 8, W. Bearpark. 



Hamudrghs ( Silver- spangled). —1 and 'J, H. Beldon. 3, Dr. Wilson, 

 Behside ColUery. 



HAMBunoHs (Golden-pencilled).— 1, H. Beldon. 2, W. R. Park, Melrose. 

 8, J. Musgrave, Longtown. he, F. E. Scholield, Moriieth. c, T. C. and 

 E.Newhitt, Epworth, Lincoln ; — Rutherford, Cowpcn. 



Hambobghs (Silver-poncilled),— 1 and 2, H. Beldon. 3 and he, R. 

 Parsons. 



CociirN-ClTlNA.— 1, M. H. Thubron. 2, H. Beldon. 



Brahma Pootras — 1, K. Leech. 2, H. Beldon. 8, J. Gillis, SeghiU. 

 he, G. Dison, jun., Whitehaven. 



Spanish.— 1 and Cup, H. Beldon. 2. T. C. & E. Newbitt. 8, J. Stalker, 

 West Sleekbum. he, W. Sanderson, Whalton. c, R. Hawkins, Soaham. 



Polish.— 1 and 2, H. Beldon. 8, R. Parsons, c, A. Buglass, Dnrham, 

 (Golden). 



BAaN-DOOR (Cross bred).— 2, T. Toft, Sunderland (Dorking and Cochin). 



AUY OTHER Distinct Variety not previocsly Mentioned, except 

 Bantams.— 1, H. Beldon. 2, Kev. J. G. Milner, Bellcrby, Loyburn 

 (Houdans) ; W. B. Park (Creve-Cceur). c, J. J. Waller, Kendal ; J. R. 

 Holmes, Sunderland (Black French Gueldres). 



Cottagers i Any variety).— 1, Sbarp <S Mycroft, Eebsido Colliery (Black 

 Red). 2 and 4, Joshua Stalker, West Sle'ekbnrn (Spanish and Brahma 

 -Pootras). 3. J. Howe, Cowpen ( Silver-spangledt. 5, G. Laws, West Sleek- 

 born Colliery (Duckwing Game). 6, R. Simm (Ducks), c, J. Lowes, jun. 

 (Black-breasted Game); J.Smith (Duckwing Game) ; W. Young (Golden- 

 pencilled); R. Simm (Ducks); J. Yellowly (Partridge Cochins) ; T.John- 

 son (Golden-spangled). 



Game Bantams (Black-breasted and other Beds).— 1 and Cap, W. F. 

 Entwisle. 2, R. Short. 3 and vhe, 3. R. Robinson, he, W. F. Entwislo ; 

 G. Dowie. e, W. Ramsay; J. Young. 



Game Bantams (Any other variety).- 1, J. R. Robinson (Duckwing). 

 2, W. Greaves (Brassy-winged). 8, W. Lawrenson (Duckwings). he, W. 

 Bell (Duckwings) ; H. Sharpe (PUes). 



Bantams (Any other variety except Game).— 1, S. Sc R. Ashton (Black). 

 2, T. C. Han-ison. 3, S. S. Mossop. he, B. Youll (SUver Sebrights) ; C. 

 Richardson (Black) ; T. C. Harrison ; H. Yardley. e, J. Robson (Gold- 

 laced Sebrights) ; J. Clark (Black). 



DncKs (Aylesbury).- 1 and 2, Mrs. Seamons. c, J. Ford. 



Docks (Ronen).— 1, E. Leech. 2, J. J. Waller. 8, R. Elmer. 



Docks (Anv other variety).- 1 and he, T. C. Harrison (Dun Divers). 

 2, Rev. J. G. Milner (Grey Call). 8, S. & R. Ashton (CaroUna). 



Guinea Fowis.— 1, J. Robson. 2, J. Black, he. Miss Robinson, c. 

 Miss Smith. 



Selling Class.- 1, T. C. & E. Newbitt. 2, G. Armstroug. 8, D. Cheyne. 

 he, 3. Clark, E. Rutherford. J. StaUicr. c, 3. R. Robmson. 



Toekevs.— Prize, E. Leech. 



Pigeons.— Carrii-rs.-l and 2. W. R. & H. O. Blenkmsop. he, H. Simp- 

 son ; W. Taylor ; D. Hunter ; H. Yardlev. Trumpeters (Almond).— 1, W. 

 R. & H. O. Blenkinsop. 2, T. C. & E. Newbitt. ftc, H. Yardlev. Tttm- 

 blers (Any other variety).— 1, H. Yardley. 2, J. Henderson (Ba'ldpates). 

 Croppers.— -2, W. R. & H. O. Blenkinsop. he, 3. Grant ; H. Simpson ; 

 W. R. & H. O. Blenkinsop. e, W. B. Van Haansbergen. Oirl.!.— 1, W. R. 

 and H. O. Blenkinsop. 2, J. Grant. Turbits.—l and Cnp, T. C. & E. New- 

 bitt. 8, W. R. & H. O. Blenkinsop. Ue. H. Yardley. Jaeobiiis.—l, W. B. 

 Van Haansbergen. 2, J. Grange, jun., Bedlington. Extra 2, W. R. & H. 

 O. Blenkinsop, Newcastle, he, T. C. & E. Newbitt, Epworth ; W. B. Van 

 Haansbergen. Fanlnits.—l, H. Yardley. 2, T. C. & E. Newbitt. 



Any other Variety not Previoosly Mentioned.— 1, H. Yardley. 

 2, W. R. & H. O. Blenkinsop (Magpies), he, J. F. Baldwin (White Capu- 

 chins) ; T. C. & E. Newbitt ; W. R. iS: H. O. Blenkinsop (Barbs), e, W. B. 

 Van Haansbeigen (Barbs) ; H. Yardley. 



SELLnJG Class.- 1, H. Simpson, Shankhouse. Cramlington (Barbs). 

 2, J. F. Baldwin, Newcastle (Red Turbits). he, H. Yardlev ; W. Wardle, 

 Bebside (Dragoon). ^— ^— 



Rahbits (Long-eared).— 1, Messrs. Bowman & Fearon, Whitehaven. 

 2, F. Stainburu, York, he, 3. Younger, Morpeth. 



Rabbits anv other Variety.— 1, J. Turnbull, Widcopen. 2, J. Nen- 

 sham, West Sleekburn. he, J. Turnbull; R. Lewins, Morpeth (White 

 Angola). 



-JcDOE. — Mr. E. Hutton, Garden House, Pudsey, Leeds. 



submitting to the readers of " onr Journal " on the 22nd Oa- 

 tober last. — A Devonshibb Bee-keepeb. 



AN IMPE.0\T2MEXT ON THE KOEHLER 

 PROCESS. 

 The following important improvement ou theKoliler process 

 for securing tlie pure fertilisation of queen.? of tlie Ligurian or 

 any otlier variety of honey bee has been devised by Dr. Preuss, 

 the distinguished German physician, a translation of whose 

 able paper on the origin of foul brood I had the pleasure of 



now A QOEEN CAN BE CAUSED TO MATE NEABLY TO THE MINDTE 

 OP AN ArrOINTED TIME WITH THE DBONES 01' A SELECTED 

 HIVE NOT BEMOVED FROM ITS PLACE, AND WITHOUT HEU OWN 



nivE being eithee intkbbupted ob removed. 



The process recommended by Kiihior and Dathe, which con- 

 sists of placing the hives containing pure young queens, as well 

 as those which contain pure drones, for several days in a dark 

 cellar, and then, late in the afternoon, when no other drones 

 are on the wing, to replace them on their stands, was at all 

 events an important step in advance towards controlUng the 

 fertilisation of the queen, although it may be attended with 

 certain disadvantages. The objection raised to it as being 

 troublesome is well disposed of by Von Berlepsch, who remarks 

 that a bee-keeper does not fear trouble. Still it is impossible 

 to those who have a garden but no cellar as well, as in cases 

 where bees are kept in immoveable swarming hives and in 

 pavilions. The method which I am about to communicate, by 

 which neither the young queen nor the hive selected as con- 

 taining pure drones is removed from its place, is on the other 

 hand everywhere practicable and perfectly certain. 



I, of course, assume that everyone who engages in breeding 

 superior queens (by "superior" I mean the Italian and Egyp- 

 tian races), will know the day on which they have quitted their 

 cells ; this knowledge being also presumed under the Dathe- 

 KiJhler method. Now, it has been established by careful ob- 

 servations, especially by those of Von Berlepsch, that the queen 

 does not take her wedding flight before the fifth day of her 

 existence, but that, on the contrary, we may consider the eighth 

 as the day for the consummating excursion ;• and on this day, 

 if the weather be favourable, it is almost certain that the queen 

 will fly out for fertilisation. This fact, stated by Dzierzon, I 

 have found confirmed in numerous instances. It is only un- 

 favourable weather which causes a queen to defer her flight. 

 On the fourth or fifth day, therefore, we examine the stock or 

 artificial swarm, find the queen, and imprison her upon one of 

 the combs under a wire pipe-cover of as large a size as possible, 

 pressed into the substance of the comb until it comes in contact 

 with the partition wall. I do not deem it wise to deprive her 

 earlier of her liberty, lest the confinement should retard her 

 development. I prefer in this case the pipe-cover to any other 

 kind of cage, as the queen when ultimately set at liberty is at 

 once upon a comb and among the bees. It is, however, still 

 better if we have a wooden frame made exactly fitting the brood 

 room of the hive or the box containing the artificial swarm, 

 reaching from one side to the other, and from the top to the 

 floorboard, and inserted in the same manner as a frame filled 

 with comb! This frame being covered with wire gauze like a 

 window blind, we can by means of it divide ofi a portion of the 

 brood combs of a hive, or the whole of the brood of an artificial 

 swarm. When, therefore, we have discovered the queen upon 

 a comb, we hang it, bees and all, with a second comb, at the 

 side of the hive farthest from the entrance, and divide these 

 from the other combs by means of the wire frame, covering 

 them when necessary with little cover-boards {deckbrcttchen), 

 and stopring all apertures with wood shavings, pasteboard, or 

 paper. The bees, if they have their queen with them, and 

 sufficient food, will remain quiet for days, and even weeks, 

 whilst those not confined fly in and out and work as usual. 



It is not advisable to effect the division by means of a mere 

 wooden partition, as in the end, after some days' separation, 

 the bees are apt to treat the queen as a stranger, and, con- 

 sequently, with hostility. 



Three or four days afterwards — i.''., when the queen is eight 

 days old, or, if the weather be unfavourable, on one of the 

 following days, and late in the afternoon when black drones are 

 no longer on the wing, we first open the hive containing the 

 pure drones — no matter if it stand at a distance from the 

 queen's hive — take out one or two combft upon which many 

 drones are congregated, and stand them vesting safely against 

 some object in the neighbourhood of the latter. The drones 

 will soon take wing, and at first hover round the spot. We 

 then open the queen's hive, take out the comb ,>:pon which she 

 is confined, and after liberating her, either stand it near the 

 entrance and resting against the front of the hive, or keep it in 



* In the case of artificially-raised queens I have seldom found it take 

 place so early as this, but consider the eleventh, or rather the twelfth 

 day, to be the usual time. — A Devonshtre Bee-iceeper. 



■f First make sure that the queen of that hive is on another comb. — 

 A Devonsbiee Bee-eeei'er. 



