376 



JOUBNAL OF HOETICULTUBE AND COTTAGE GARDENEE. 



[ Jane 3, 1869. 



the yoiiDg succulent shoots in their ten Jer nonage require most 

 eareful handling, and are easily disunited from the brunch or 

 brolsen ; though it is also necessary, as early as possible, to 

 begin training the fruit-bearing shoots for the next year, in order 

 to get some of their leaves into early maturity, so as to remain 

 proof against mildew— that is the grand secret. But should there 

 not be a bud to break at any particular distance on the stems, 

 so as to appear exactly central for training the young shoots 

 between the horizontal bearing branches, shoots may be led 

 either up or down, and if low down, always from the outside 

 stem during the first four years, or till the first stem laid-in is 

 out entirely away should it be left for a longer period, as there 

 is no plant more accommodating than the Vine in allowing its 

 shoots, when a little matured, to grow and be bent into almost 

 any desired position at the will of the trainer. For example, 

 see the arrow heads at the base of fig. 4, also the direction they 

 take from the places where the first main stems were cut away 

 at the November pruning. Young shoots to form new main 

 stems will spring from thence in the directions there shown, 

 and so on alternately for years. Three of my Vines have already 

 been totally renewed after this manner five'times over, and this 

 season they are showing for blossom ; if possible, more vigor- 

 ously than ever. 



Now, whilst the Grapes are ripening, I will endeavour to 

 initiate my readers into the mysteries of making wine from 

 their juice. As wine-making in its general features is mainly 

 the same whatever be the kind to be made, I will show how I 

 manufacture those very respectable end easily-made beverages 

 Khubarb and Gooseberry wine. The latter fruit will bo at its 

 best for this purpose about the time that my notes appear in 

 print.— Upwabds and Onwards. 



(To be continued.) 



The Feost of the 29th of M.\t cut oft the Scarlet Runners 

 in some places to the ground, and Potatoes are very much 

 blackened in Buckinghamshire, Middlesex, and elsewhere. — 

 Nash. 



NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 



■Wt; are informed that Mr. Barnes, the skilful manager of 

 Lady EoUe's Bicton gardens and estate, with which his name 

 has been connected for such a long series of years, is about to 

 retii-e, after having distinguished himself in every branch of 

 culture.^ His frequent contributions to this and other garden- 

 ing periodicals were invariably marked by strong good sense, 

 thorough originality, and an amount of practical knowledge 

 which but few men possess in an equal degree. It is to be 

 hoped that in retiring from his active duties, he will find more 

 leisure to impart to the horticultural world the lesults of his 

 long experience. 



We regret to have to announce the death of the Rev. Dr. 



Smith, of Ecclesmachan, N.B., who has for many years been 

 well known as a prominent writer on horticulture. The event 

 took place at The Manse, Ecclesmachan, on the SOih of May. 



WOEK FOR THE WEEK. 



KITCHEN OAEDEN. 



Embeacb the first opportunity afforded by the ground being 

 moist for thinning Carrots, Onions, Parsnips, Beet, and the suc- 

 cession crops of Turnips ; and, presuming them to be all sown 

 in_ drills, let the hoe be run between the drills, not merely 

 skimming the surface of the soil, but moving it an inch or two 

 in depth ; this, while it outs up the weeds, also checks rapid 

 evaporation, and pulverises the soil. Pay constant and per- 

 severing attention to the watering and shading of all advancing 

 crops recently planted out. Give recently-planted Celery copi- 

 ous waterings once or twice a-week. The method frequently pur- 

 sued of giving plants in the open ground a small drop of water 

 every evening or morning, cannot be too much deprecated ; 

 such sprinklings cake the ground and lower the temperature of 

 the soil, without any corresponding benefit to the planis. 

 Make a small sowing of Bed Beet and Horn Carrot. The 

 former, when sown early on rich soil, becomes too large and 

 coarse, and does not retain its colour in boiling, nor look so 

 well in salad as that which is smaller of the same variety. 

 Stake ScarUt Runners after drawing a little earth to them with 

 the hoe. Where it is intended to keep them dwarf, and not to 

 stake them, let the leaders be pinched off. By constant atten- 

 tion to this stopping of the leaders as they advance above three 

 or four joints in height, the plants will be induced to bear well. 



The latter mode of culture should only be resorted to where 

 sticks cannot be easily procured. 



feuit garden. 

 Still continue active operations against aphides and other 

 pests of fruit tree.', or their ravages will spoil your best hopes 

 of a crop. The shoots of Cherry trees infested with the black 

 fly should be dipped in tobacco water immediately they are 

 detected, to prevent the shoot from curling, which would stop 

 its gvowlh. Eithrr pick ofi with the hand, or apply a wash o! 

 lime and clear soot water to Gooseberries and Currants infested 

 with the caterpillar. This increases so rapidly, that a constant 

 watch must be kept up for some time. Pinch back all shoots 

 of Currants not wanted for wood. The fruit of Gooseberries, 

 &c., like fruits of more value, will be considerably improved by 

 the summer-stopping of the young wood — a fiot well known to 

 those who have paid attention to this mode of pruning, which 

 is much better understood on the Continent than in England. 

 The high temperature of the last year has favoured the success- 

 ful cultivation of the Vine on open walls and buildings ; attend 

 to the stopping of the shoots, keeping them thin and duly 

 nailed, thinning the berries when they are of the size of peas. 

 It is found that tlie best way to prevent evaporation after 

 watering tho roots of newly-planted fruit trees, is to cover the 

 suiface of the ground near the stem with some wet straw tied 

 iu two or three bundles, which is much better than loose litter 

 or dung. Give Strawberries a thorough soaking after the 

 bloomiug period, a'.id put short grass from the mowings of the 

 lawns between the rows to prevent the heavy rains from soiling 

 the fruit. Thin the shoots of Raspberries to two or three of 

 the strongest, if not already done. Disbud Fig trees, retaining 

 no more wood than is required for the nest season. 



FLOWER gardes. 



All plants newly planted will require constant watching, as 

 under the best management failures will sometimes occur; 

 these should instantly be made good, and the tying and staking 

 of everything requiring support on no account must be delayed. 

 Where an immediate display of flowers is not wanted the buds 

 may be pinched tH for a week or two, to encourage the plants 

 to cover the ground. Eumove Pansies, Anemones, double 

 Wallflowers, and other spiiug plants as thfy go out of bloom, 

 to make room for autumn-flowering ones ; the beds will, how- 

 ever, require to be made up with freah compost. Put in cut- 

 tings of double Wallflowers, Pansies, &o., for blooming next 

 spring. A shady piece of ground, or reserve garden, should be 

 appropiiated for the above. Iu addition, a stock of the more 

 showy herbaceous plants should always be kept on hand, as 

 well as the spare bedding-out plants, so that iu case of failures 

 or alterations a supply may always be ready for immediate 

 planting. For largo places a reserve ground of this kind is 

 necessary, and scarcely less so for those of small extent, as a 

 continuous show of bloom cannot bo kept up without a reserve 

 stock being in readiness for removal whenever wanted. 

 Climbers against walla or trellises should be constantly gone 

 over to tie or nail them in. Standard and pillar Roses should 

 likewise be looked over, to see that they are properly secured 

 to their stakes. Eradicate all the broad-leaved plants and 

 coarse-growing grasses from the lawn, which they much dis- 

 figure ; keep them closely out with the scythe or machine. The 

 awning may now be taken from the Tulip bed, and the foliage 

 of the p'ants exposed fully to the action of the sun and rain. 

 In late localities many will be in full bloom ; care must still be 

 taken to mark those seedling breeders which have good pro- 

 perties, choosing those with good-formed cups, clean both in 

 base and stamens, for perfect purity is now absolutely required. 

 Ranunculuses will be making rapid growth ; always water in 

 the evenings, and with water which has been exposed to the 

 rays of the sun. Tie-up and disbud Pinks, and as Jhe buds 

 increase water with weak liquid manure. Carnations and 

 Picotees require similar treatment, and when more shoots 

 spindle for bloom than are required, let them all be cut o£E 

 except one. Water Auriculas and Polyanthuses as they re- 

 quire it, and keep the pots free of weeds. Stake and water 

 Hollyhocks freely, and attend to previous directions with re- 

 gard to Dahlias. 



GREENHOUSE AND CONSEEVATOET. 



The climbers will require attention to keep the current year's 

 shoots within proper limits. Avoid everything, if possible, like 

 formality in arranging the branches, and provided, at the 

 winter regulation of the plants, the main shoots were trained 

 to occupy the desired position, the young wood may be allowed 

 to a considerable extent to follow its natural mode of growth, 



