1912'] Zoology in America 55 



the insects ( !) alligators, some lizards, several snakes and tur- 

 tles. He mentions the bnll-frog and remarks on the character 

 of his voice. Lawson also mentions some invertebrates : craw- 

 fishes, ''mnscles," the stone crab, the common edible crab, clams, 

 the conch, and the peculiar egg cases of the latter. 



Much the most comprehensive and valuable of the early ac- 

 counts of our fauna is to be found in Mark Catesby's Katural 

 History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. This 

 great Avork was republished twice. The first volume of the first 

 edition came out in 1732. ,Catesby, an Englishman, spent sev- 

 eral years in this country, and in his beautiful folio plates we 

 find faithful pictures of many of our present wild neighbors. 



The eighteenth century, which saw Franklin's remarkable 

 inquiries into the nature of electricity, brought out a few con- 

 tributions to zoology from native Americans. John Bartram, 

 more specially known as a botanist, should not be forgotten. 

 Bartram, who was a Quaker farmer in Pennsylvania, made 

 good observations on our plants, animals, and fossils. These are 

 described in a long series of letters (1734-1810) and in a jour- 

 nal. Most of Bartram's letters and his journal were sent to 

 Peter Collinson, an English naturalist, who communicated 

 selections to the Eoyal Society. Bartram was made King's 

 Botanist in 1765 with an annual salary of fifty pounds. It is 

 worthy of note that he was using a microscope in his study of 

 plants in 1754. John Bartram's son, William Bartram, was 

 a well known naturalist in his time. He published a volume 

 of Travels in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in 1791, and 

 is said to have assisted Wilson in the production of his Amer- 

 ican Ornithology. At the close of the eighteenth century we 

 also find natural history publications of some importance by 

 B. S. Barton. 



In the early years of the nineteenth century (1808-14) ap- 

 peared an important w^ork, important even today, on our birds : 

 Wilson's Ornithology. Wilson was born and bred in Scotland. 

 Another foreigner. Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte, is the 

 author of an Ornithology supplementary to Wilson's. This 

 was published with some supervision from Americans, Say and 



