1913] Zoo-Geogeaphy 13 



as well as side-necked turtles, liingfislies, and cecilian amphi- 

 bians. Salamanders are practically absent. 



The islands of the Greater Antilles deserve mention as lack- 

 ing the terrestrial mammals of the neighboring mainlands, its 

 only prominent forms being the rodent genus, Capromys, and 

 the insectivorous genus Solenodon. 



The Ethiopian Realm includes not only Africa south of the 

 Sahara Desert, but also the island of Madagascar and southern 

 Arabia. As the two latter, however, can only be considered 

 as outlying provinces, and do not exhibit the more prominent 

 features of the main portion of the realm they will be treated 

 of separately, and are not included in the statements that im- 

 mediately follow. 



Its characteristic animals are the hippopotamus, giraffe, hyrax 

 or coney, zebra, rhinoceros, elephant, old world monkeys, great 

 apes (gorilla and chimpanzee), lemurs, scaly ant-eaters, aard 

 vark, several families of insectivorous mammals (golden moles, 

 jumping shrews, and some others), hysenas, ostrich-like birds, 

 elapid, and boid snakes, side-necked turtles, cecilians or worm- 

 like amphibians, and lung fishes. The greater number of these 

 forms are represented in other realms as well, but the first four 

 mentioned, as well as the aard vark, golden moles and jumping 

 shrews do not occur elsewhere, ^o bears, deer, nor salamand- 

 ers of any kind occur. Its main feature, however, is the great 

 abundance of hoofed mammals, particularly those of the hollow- 

 horned or antelope family which here attains by far its highest 

 point, both in number of species and number of individuals. 



Of its outlying portions the presence of conies and ostriches 

 in southern Arabia would seem to indicate Ethiopian affinities, 

 though most of the continental African forms are lacking. 



The island of Madagascar on the other hand has a very pe- 

 culiar fauna of its own, more than one-half of its mammals be- 

 longing to the lemur family, while the remainder are largely in- 

 sectivora not found elsewhere, the large hoofed mammals, and 

 the carnivora of the mainland being lacking. 



The Indian or Oriental Realm comprises southeastern xlsia, 



