24 Journal of the Mitchell Society [July 



Austral as the ditch eel (Amphiuma means), dwarf salamander 

 and narrow-mouthed toad are all common, while the Upper 

 Austral pickerel frog is only tolerably so. In mammals its 

 Lower Austral forms are the cotton rat and Carolina mole- 

 shrew, both of which may very likely range considerably into 

 the Upper Austral in this state, while of Upper Austral forms, 

 the chipmunk is common a few miles west of Raleigh, but not 

 at Raleigh, while the meadow mouse, common deer mouse, 

 muskrat, jumping mouse and weasel are all common except the 

 last two. 



Hence we see Raleigh rather leans to the Upper Austral on 

 birds and mammals, and to the Lower on reptiles and amphi- 

 bians, and is plainly an intermediate point so we draw the line 

 right through it, then knowing that the line must necessarily 

 slant northward towards the coast, we draw it straight to Wel- 

 don, having records of the occurrence of typical Lower Austral 

 forms just east of that place. To the south we find that South- 

 ern Pines with records of the scarlet snake, coachwhip, corn 

 snake, narrowmouthed toad, crowned tantilla, and red-cockaded 

 woodpecker ought to be placed well within the line, which is 

 confirmed by the occurrence of the green lizard at Carthage a lit- 

 tle to the north, and of the coral snake at Montrose to the south. 

 So we draw the line above Southern Pines, and then finding 

 records of such species as the green lizard in Stanly County, 

 and the lubber grasshopper in Cabarrus County which latter 

 record is offset by the presence of the chipmunk, at the same 

 place, indicating a mixed fauna, we continue it through these 

 counties to Charlotte and thence to the state line in the same 

 general direction. 



The animals which we have considered as characterising the 

 Lower Austral Zone in this state are as follows : 



1. Mammals 



Marsh Rabbit (Lepus palustris). 

 Southern Fox Squirrel. 

 Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus). 

 Ricefield Rat (Oryzomys palustris). 

 Cotton Mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus). 



