Uctobcl m, 1868. 1 



JOUKNAL OF HOKTICULTUKE AND COTTAGE OAUDENEK. 



303 



eboot or branch ebould be originated. This will be unJeratood 

 on reference to jig. 8. Each leading branch is to bo there sub- 

 divided into two. An arc, c d, 2U feet in diameter, mupt then 

 be described from the same centre as the first, with a line 



10 feet in length. This is to be divided into 1-foot dietances' 

 commencing from the lower branches, and there will be twice 

 the number of divisions. By the dividing of the branches the 

 wall will be furnished with branches at 1 foot apart. When 



,.\%\)Mi mm 



the branches are fully 1 foot from each other bearing shoots 

 must be left on the under as well as the upper side of the 



Fig. 6. 



branches. The tree when full grown will appear as represented 

 on the right of fig. 8. — G. Aedev. 



WORK FOR THE WEEK. 



KITCHEN GABIpF.N. 



All crops for win'er storing should now be out ol the ground 

 and carefully packed in sheds, outhouses, and cellars. They 

 will require to be looked over from time to time to see that 

 there is no dampness amongst them. Onions are apt to rot 

 about this time if too close together. When the ground be- 

 comes a little dry on the surface see that it is stirred among 

 young crops of Winter Spinach, Onions, Lettuces, Endive, &a., 

 and cut oiif any decayed leaves. If you are in the habit of 

 molohing your beds of Artichohca, take caro not to do more 

 barm than good by covering the ground when it is too wet. 

 Any time between this and Christmas will do when the ground 

 is quite dry, and when it is in this state you may give a good 

 earthing-up to the Cclerij ; it will help to keep the frost from 

 the plants. I would advise that Sltallots and Garlic be planted 

 now as a preventive against maggots. Some writers have 

 maintained that the absence of all animal manures is the great 

 secret, and that the bulbs can be safely planted in February 

 or March it you choose for them a light rich border which 

 has not been manured for a year or two ; but when thoy are 

 planted in the autumn they begin to form roots immediately, 

 which extend widely before the tops begin to grow in the spring. 

 There is then a great command of nourishment provided for 

 the leaves as soon as they are ready to receive it. It is of 

 great importance in the cultivation of all bulbs to let them, if 

 possible, make a large portion of their roots before their leaves 

 are excited. Again, when Shallots are planted out in the 

 spring their roots and tops begin to grow simultaneously, and 

 it sometimes happens that several weeks of favourable weather 

 are then experienced, and the leaves in that case ^-row more 

 rapidly than the roots, and exhaust the resources of the bulb 

 faster than the roots can make up the dehciency. 



FBL'IT GAr.DEN. 



I would urge the importance of early-autumn planting. If 

 put off till December scarcely any advantage is gained over 

 planting in March or April, but a great disadvantage will be 

 experienced if severe weather should set in immediately after- 

 wards. If the leaves are still somewhat greenish the check 

 given by raising the plants will have a tendency to accelerate 



the ripening of the wood ; and if, after watering, the bark of the 

 young wood shoots should present any appearance of shrivel- 

 ling, hay or straw bands may be twisted round the stems of 

 the trees, and the tops slightly shaded for a few days with 

 fronds of Fern, &e. The straw bands should be twisted bard ; 

 and for tender trees they will be servic«able in moderating the 

 rays of the sun in summer and in checking the severity of frost 

 in winter. If, in addition, the roots are well mulched with dry 

 litter they will grow all winter, and thus be well fitted to supply 

 the expanding buds in spring. In many gardens the replacing 

 of the old trees should be gradually effected. I say gradually, 

 because frequently gardeners get themselves into trouble by 

 clearing away too much at a time, and thus rendering the 

 supply deficient until their young trees come into bearing. In 

 planting care should be taken to select the most approved 

 varieties. The improved varieties of Pears should be introduced 

 into every garden either by planting or by grafting on estab- 

 lished trees. In addition to their other good qualities most of 

 them are great bearers and produce fruit when the trees are 

 comparatively young. Such sorts are Marie Louise, Dunmore, 

 Louise Bonne of Jersey, Duohesse d'Angoulorae, Althorp Cra- 

 sanne, Glou Morc;eau,' Knight's Monarch, Passe Colmar, Ne 

 Plus Meuris. These will supply the table with deUcious fruit 

 from September to the end of February, and in places at all 

 favourable will succeed admirably as standards. The Easter 

 Beurre and Beurre de Ranee will furnish a supply until May, 

 and even later it the fruit be preserved in jars. Both sorts will 

 thrive in most places as standards, but well deserve an east or 

 west wall. No Pears need be grown in favourable places on a 

 south wall, with the exception, perhaps, of a Jargonelle to 

 supply early fruit. This, along with the Citron des Carmes 

 and one or two moie varieties, will be quite sufficient for an 

 early supply. 



FLOWER GATIDEN. 



Those plants which require protection from frost throngh 

 the winter should now have the framework of the protective 

 structure put on, to be ready for immediate use in case of a 

 change of weather. Mats are generally used for this purpose, 

 but a good covering of reed or straw is preferable to them, and 



