Jannary 33, 1S68. 1 



JOUBNAIi OF HOBTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GAEDENEB. 



73 



and quick return in (rnit. They may be planted Ij foot apart, 

 and if the cultivator doea not object to wait a year, dwarf 

 maiden trees are the best to plant, as they may be bought 

 cheaply. The trees should be planted upright, and the shoots, 

 which are generally very flexible, should be bent to an angle of 

 about 45°. It is not necessary for the angle to be quite acute ; 

 but, as a general rule, this angle may be adopted. If the 

 shoots are not Uexible enough to bend, plant the tree in a 

 slanting position. 



Fig. 4. 



The principle of pruning given for double horizontal cordons 

 must be followed in the cultivation of single oblique cordons. 

 They will the first year after planting be found covered with 

 bloom spurs. Single oblique cordons in rich and fertile soils 

 will, probably, require root-pruning as well a? spur-pruning, 

 and, if necessary, this should be done every second year. The 

 tree should not be taken up, but the spade pushed down at a 

 sufficient distance from the stem to avoid injury to the main 

 roots, and the tree gently heaved. If a tap root has been made 

 it should be cut. The proper time to perform this operation 

 is near the end of October, and any time afterwards to the 

 middle or end of February ; but it is better done in October 

 and November, as many fresh shoots will be formed after the 

 operation, even during what are called the dead months of the 

 year. 



Single oblique cordons may be carried to the height of 10 or 

 12 feet ; in fact, there is no limit, except the will of the planter. 

 A fresh string of wire may be added annually as the cordons 

 increase in length. They may also be limited to the height of 

 4 or a feet. — T. Fkaxcis Bh-ers. 



(To be coatiaued.) 



REVIEW. 



Tlie Gardeners' Year-Booh, Almanack, and Directory, 1868. 

 By RoEEitT HoGo, LL.D., F.L.S., &c. 

 Tuis is the ninth year of this excellent manual, and, if pos- 

 siole, it improves on its predecessors. It contains the most of 

 the general information usually supplied in almanacks — as, 

 transfer and dividend days at the Bank, assessed laxes, regula- 

 tions as to income and property tax, receipts, agreements, &c. ; 

 arrangements as to the Post Office, money orders ; British and 

 foreign monies, weights, and measures; London market fruit 

 and vegetable measures; useful tables for wages, iuturest, and 

 housekeeping purposes ; also tables showing the contents in 

 gallons of tanks whether round or square ; tables for ground- 

 work, cost of digging, trenching, excavating, according to the 

 character of the soil ; tables for sowing, planting, and the quan- 



tity of plants or seeds wanted per acre ; also tables for ascer- 

 taining the average weight of produce per acre ; and finishing 

 by giving rules for changing the scales of the different kinds of 

 thermometers into each other. Fahrenheit's tliermometer is 

 the one chiefly used in this country ; but as licaumur's and 

 the Centigrade are much used on the Continent, it is of im- 

 portance to know exactly how the different thermometers stand 

 in relation to each other. 



The book, besides, has three distinguishing features : First, 

 a list and description of new and notable fruits ; a list and de- 

 scription of the new plants figured, described, or exhibited 

 during the past year, the descriptions being as full as possible ; 

 and the new flowers of the year, with certificates awarded to 

 them, embracing Antirrhinums ; Auriculas, alpine and show ; 

 Azaleas, Camellias, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Cinerarias, 

 Clematis ; Dahlias, fancy, bedding, show ; Fuchsias, Gladioli, 

 Gloxinias, Hollyhocks, Hyacinths, LobeUas, Pansies, Pelargo- 

 niums of all sections, occupying about eight closely printed 

 pages, Pentstemons, Phloxes, Roses, Verbenas, &c. This part 

 of the book seems to have been done with great care and full- 

 ness, and is to many of us a very great advantage, as we are 

 thus enabled to see in imagination many of the beauties which 

 we will never be able to look at or handle physically. In the 

 first division connected with new or notable fruits, outlines are 

 given of the Grand Duke Constantino Apple ; and of Beurrfe de 

 Begnines, Bergamotte de Millepieds, Beurrf de Jonghe, Emile 

 d'Heyst, General Todtleben, and Madame Appert Pears. 



The second feature is the garden directory. The horticul- 

 tural directory used to be the grand feature of this serial ; but 

 it became impossible to compress all that was necessary to 

 meet the wishes of nurserymen and societies in one serial, and 

 this season it has here been confined to a garden directory, 

 giving the names of the principal gardens, names of proprietors, 

 names of gardeners, and the nearest post towns, in the counties 

 of England, Scotland, and Ireland. So far as we have been able 

 to examine, this list is more fiiU and complete than that given 

 last year. In the enlarged horticultural directory to be pub- 

 lished in March, the nearest railway station to the gentleman's 

 residence and the distance from that station will also be given ; 

 and though we have no doubt that that directory will be as 

 cheap at 2s. as this Year-Book is at Is., still, it this garden 

 directory is to form a part of the Year-Book in future, we 

 should like the railway stations and their distance from the 

 gardens to be given, even if some things else which appear year 

 after year were left out. We have often been sadly disap- 

 pointed when, on arriving at a railway station, we found we 

 were many miles from our destination, and no way of reaching 

 it except walking it or hiring — and hiring is a serious affair in 

 country places in England. In such matters Ireland beats us 

 hollow. We have paid as much to be driven a few miles in 

 England as we have had a car for a whole day in Ireland. 



The third feature is, in this year, an excellent out-door gar- 

 dening calendar for every month in the year. Last year there 

 was no calendar. In the three years previously there was 

 respectively a kitchen-garden calendar in 1864, a flower-garden 

 calendar in 1865, and a fruit-garden calendar in 1866, and 

 there were calendars in the two first issues of 1860 and 1861 ; 

 but the present out-door calendar of 186K is the fullest and 

 best that has yet appeared. We presume that next season 

 there will be an in-door calendar ; and then there will be a few 

 seasons without a calendar at all — a matter of no great im- 

 portance to those who keep the serial as we do as a book of 

 reference. In short, our opinion is, that the faithful descrip- 

 tion of new fruits, plants, and flowers, and the garden directory, 

 are the features of the work ; and to make either of these more 

 efficient we would excuse the want of the calendar now and 

 then, most excellent though the present one is. — R. F. 



HOME. 



What myriads of associations, some painful, others joyous, 

 cluster round this single word, for after all, "no matter when 

 or where," " there's no place hke home." To one long an exile 

 and a sojourner in foreign lands, release from " that wasting 

 pang, heart sickness," as good " Wiltshire Rector " ex- 

 presses it, is indeed joyous. None but they who have under- 

 gone the torture can fully appreciate the blessings a lifelong 

 residence at home conveys. 



A year ago at a choral meeting in a simple Canadian church, 

 I met an English gentleman, who had taken American orders, 

 and was then the incumbent of an American church in the far 



