12 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 12 



"Apparently they have had no annoyance from mosquitoes. There is no malaria 

 in the locality nor has there been for many years. However, they recognize the possi- 

 bility of malarial cases and the need of guarding against Anopheles. The mosquito 

 situation will need some attention, but, considering the conditions, I believe the local 

 authorities are fully justified in putting their main effort at present on the suppression 

 of flies rather than undertaking any extensive operations against the possible mosquito- 

 breeding locaUties. In case any injury comes from this course it will be desirable 

 either to provide drainage or else to keep the ponds and canal pockets filled with 

 water and stocked with fish or mosquito-destroying insects to avoid danger from this 

 source. 



"No rats have been troublesome at the camp, and were reported not abundant in 

 the town. No flies, body-lice, chiggers, ' punkies,' buffalo-gnats, or other pests have 

 occasioned trouble so far. On the whole, I think the sanitary conditions may be 

 considered in good shape, and the officers in charge are exceptionally energetic andl 

 efficient in their operations." 



Camp Devens. — "I visited this camp five times in the course of the summer, and 

 each time have looked over conditions in a general way. 



"The reception accorded me by the Division Surgeon and his assistants had been 

 exceedingly friendly. There was an evident desire on the part of the officers to take 

 full advantage of any help that might be offered them and a full wilUngness to explain 

 in detail the measures that they were carrying through to control insect pests within 

 the camp. One could not ask for a more cordial and open-minded reception. 



"Camp Devens is situated in a sandy region made up of many small knolls orig- 

 inally covered, for the most part, with small, scrubby tree growth. There are several 

 small ponds within the limits of the camp, and along one border is a river which, so 

 far as I have observed, has slow movement. Most of the area has excellent natural 

 drainage, with the exception of some of the ponds and especially the borders of the 

 river. 



"The sanitary officers carried out considerable drainage measures, especially in 

 some wet areas adjacent to the base hospital and a similar area near the large parade 

 ground. Drainage of a rather stagnant pool, somewhat filled with brush, was not 

 undertaken and probably was not feasible. Drainage of the extensive stagnant 

 water along the border of the river could not be undertaken, since there was no fall. 

 Apparently, conditions were such that mosquitoes might become a serious nuisance, 

 but throughout this season very few mosquito larvae could be found in any of the 

 ponds or in the stream. Enlisted men with whom I talked said that they were not 

 bothered at all with mosquitoes. In the course of the summer the camp received a 

 detachment of more than two thousand negroes from the south, and examination by 

 the division surgeon's officers showed that a large proportion of these negroes were 

 carriers of malaria. For this reason I feared that there would be danger of an out- 

 break of malaria in the camp if Anopheles should show up, but nothing of the kind 

 took place. 



"Considerable oiling was done by sanitar}' squads. Oil was applied by knapsack 

 pumps and by drip cans. However, to attempt to control the mosquitoes by oiling in 

 some of the swamp areas, especially along the river, would be difficult. 



"The fly proposition was handled carefully by the sanitary officers. Garbage was 

 removed daily to a station at one margin of the camp, where the cans were emptied 

 and washed. The garbage from the emptied cans was hauled away by a contractor. 

 Fafilities for thoroughly cleaning the cans were inadequate. They were supposed ta 

 be cleaned with scalding water, bat the boiler for providing the hot water was too 

 small. 



"Outside each mess-hall garbage cans were placed within screened cages. Most of 

 these cages were provided with fly-traps. In the opinion of one of the assistants- 

 attached to the division surgeon's office, garbage was handled more satisfactorily 

 when the cans were placed on an open platform, provided the cans are removed daily. 

 On the open platform there is less opportunity for bits of garbage to remain unno- 

 ticed in corners. Also, in his experience, screened receptacles for garbage soon ceased 

 to be fly-proof. 



"Horse manure was collected daily; was carted to a loading station near the camp 

 and was there loaded into freight cars and hauled away. For the most part the stables- 

 were kept clean. There was no evidence of extensive breeding of flies in stable 

 manure. 



"Occasionally men were received in the cantonment who were infested with body- 

 Uce, but apparently such cases were always detected and the lice destroyed. There 



