February, '19] PIERCE: ENTOMOLOGY AND DISEASE 47 



Dr. W. L. Mann, Post Surgeon at Quantico, has contributed numerous 

 types of incinerators for all kinds of refuse. The disposal of waste has 

 become more or less standardized by army practice. 



An interesting feature in educational work was Dr. Mann's practical 

 field demonstration at Quantico of models of many types of sanitary 

 devices such as latrines, incinerators, sterilizers, steam disinfectors, 

 etc. Certain of the army camps have installed similar exhibits. It is 

 to be hoped that as we get settled down to recognizing sanitary ento- 

 mology, there will be developed throughout the country many per- 

 manent outdoor and indoor exhibitions of sanitary and entomological 

 devices. It is a very effective educational method. 



We now come to a brief discussion of the future of this branch of 

 entomology. In the past many times as much money has been spent 

 for the control of insects which damage crops, as for the control of 

 insects which affect the health of man and animals, and yet such esti- 

 mates as are available show the losses to be more or less equal. 



There is therefore a great field for research and practical work to be 

 opened up and now is surely the time to begin. Well-regulated courses 

 of study should be started in all universities where entomology is 

 taught, and surely no medical school should be without a complete 

 course in the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. 



Each year we learn of some well-known disease being connected more 

 or less intimately with insects. We must therefore settle down to a 

 careful and systematic study of how insects can be concerned in the 

 transmission of the diseases prevalent among us. This work will in- 

 volve careful biological studies of all suspected species to equip us 

 thoroughly with a knowledge of their habits and methods of control. 

 Fortunately there is a great mass of material already accumulated, 

 which must, however, be digested. 



Many of these biological and practical studies must be worked out 

 from the standpoint of municipal conditions, factory and commercial 

 practices, rural customs and popular prejudices. 



Then there nmst be careful studies in many places of the usual and 

 occasional fauna of parasitic insects, and also of their capabihty of 

 taking up and transmitting disease organisms. 



Finally the time will arrive when there will be undertaken long series 

 of careful transmission experiments in which the best cooperation of 

 parasitologist, entomologist and physician or veterinarian will be im- 

 perative. 



We are now beginning a period of reconstruction in our national life. 

 Educational and investigational work of all kinds must be overhauled 

 and developed to meet the spirit of a new time. Let us in entomology 

 not be found backward in adjusting our science to new requirements. 



