66 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 12 



this last summer against the potato aphid, using the same strength of 

 sprays; I used a gasohne engine pump, giving about 100 pounds 

 pressure and a rubber trailer, just the ordinary trailer hose. I guided 

 the nozzle by hand and sprayed three or four rows of potatoes on each 

 side of the sprayer. One application directed by hand against the 

 lice cleaned them up in good order. 



Mr. T. J. Headlee: How many gallons to the acre did you use 

 with that apparatus? 



Mr. H. a. Gossard: I used about 200 gallons or something like 

 that on an eighth of an acre. 



Mr. T. J. Headlee: The year before last we used an ordinary 

 sprayer against the false cabbage aphis on turnips which were 12 

 inches high and had assumed the recumbent habit. We found that 

 by the time the lice were thoroughly wetted we had used 1,500 gallons 

 to the acre, making the cost of the application so large as to render 

 the treatment impracticable. With an engine-driven potato sprayer 

 equipped with a lifting device we were able to cover plants of the same 

 size with a little more than 100 gallons of spray mixture to the acre and 

 to get excellent results in control of the aphis. 



Mr. W. E. Britton : I would like to inquire if this treatment was 

 given for the aphid alone? 



Mr. H. a. Gossard: In most instances the sprays I used were 

 combinations of nicotine, lead arsenate and Bordeaux. I didn't use 

 soap where I used the Bordeaux. 



Mr. W. E. Britton: Did you use the sulphur in the nicotine? 



Mr. J. S. Houser: Most of the experimental work that we did 

 was conducted from the standpoint of aphid control alone and not 

 from the standpoint of developing a combined fungicide and aphicide. 

 We therefore used no copper sulphate or lime sulphur, but employed 

 nicotine sulphate, soap, etc., in various strengths and combinations. 



President E. D. Ball: The paper by Mr. R. W. Chapman 

 entitled, "Insects Affecting Wheat Flour and Wheat Flour Substi- 

 tutes," will be read by Mr. W. A. Riley. 



INSECTS IN RELATION TO WHEAT FLOUR AND WHEAT 

 FLOUR SUBSTITUTES! 



By R. N. Chapman, University of Minnesota. 



The ruling of the Federal Food Administration requiring the pur- 

 chase of wheat flour substitutes with wheat flour called for the milling 



1 Published with the approval of the Director, as Paper 165 of the Journal Series 

 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 



