306 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 12 



Cattle Spinach, Four Miles South of Shafter, October 28, 1918 



2.40 to 3.40 p. m. 



Light males Dark males Light females Dark females Total 



12 3 9 24 



5.15 to 5.45 p. m. 



56 4 5 61 126 



In all probability, the hoppers remain within the shrubs during the 

 daytime, and come to the outer branches and foliage at sunset. 



During the summer a student was employed for a week to capture 

 E. tenella on sugar beets and he caught as many leafhoppers after sun- 

 set when no heavy winds were blowing as he did during the entire day. 



Nocturnal Habit 



E. tenella is a nocturnal insect and displays a considerable amount 

 of activity at night. Tanglefoot fly paper was fastened to barren 

 sandy soil and on boards attached about two feet above the ground at 

 9 p. m. in the vicinity of the Nettle Leaf Goosefoot on which an enor- 

 mous congregation of nymphs and adults had occurred at Heber in the 

 Imperial Valley. The next morning before dayUght adults were found 

 adhering to the fly paper. 



The nymphs also move about at night and seek new food plants 

 when the vegetation on which they are feeding becomes dry. Strips 

 of tanglefoot fly paper were fastened to the sand at night midway 

 between a dried patch of Nettle Leaf Goosefoot and a half dozen green 

 plants. The next morning at 4 a. m. 9 nymphs and 5 adults were 

 found on the fly paper. 



There is some evidence to show that the nymphs will leave green 

 plants and wander about on the ground at night. Strips of tanglefoot 

 fly paper were fastened to the sand at night on all sides of an isolated 

 Nettle Leaf Goosefoot plant, at a distance of one yard from the ter- 

 minal end of the branches. The next morning before daylight 12 

 nymphs and 4 adults were found sticking to the fly paper. 



During the night large numbers of nymphs and adults left green 

 Nettle Leaf Goosefoot plants and were found on the sand below the 

 weeds before daylight on the next morning. When tanglefoot fly 

 paper was fastened to the sand directly below the branches at night 

 several hundred nymphs and numerous adults were found the next 

 morning. Nymphs and adults, however, were also abundant on the 

 stems, leaves and cluster of seeds of this weed at 4 a. m. Do the hop- 

 pers seek the warmth of the sand during the night? 



