328 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 12 



until full grown, when it forms the pupal cell in the outer wood or 

 middle bark. Full grown larvae of femorata are about f of an inch 

 long, those of mali about | inch. Feeding larvae of femorata have 

 been found under the bark from July 7 to June 10, prepupal larvae 

 in the pupal cells from August 22 to June 10; feeding larvae of mali 

 from July 19 to May 21 and prepupal larvae from August 24 to July 19. 

 The observations indicate that in California the most of both species 

 pass the winter as prepupal larvae in the cells. Some will pass two 

 winters in this stage. Femorata has been taken a number of times 

 in pupal cells in the bark but mali has always been in the wood. In 

 the writers opinion the only reason for this is that mali seldom occurs 

 where the bark is thick enough to form a pupal cell. Femorata pupae 

 were found from January 15 to September 10, inali pupse from March 

 27 to June 19. The pupal stage lasts from two weeks to two months 

 depending on the climatic conditions. The transformation to the 

 beetle takes place in the pupal cell. Young femorata beetles have 

 been found in the cells from March 28 to August 9, mali beetles from 

 April 16 to August 7. The beetles usually pass from one to several 

 weeks in the cells. They then emerge by an oval exit hole through 

 the bark and are found crawling or resting on the leaves or bark of the 

 host plant or flying about in the warm sunshine. 



Femorata beetles have been taken in the field from May 15 to August 

 11, mali beetles from April 24 to August 7. 



In the beetle stage the two species are easily told apart. The 

 prosternum of femorata is straight across in front; that of mali has a 

 short lobe. The anterior tibiae of the femorata male has a number of 

 small teeth on their inner margins, those of mali are abruptly dilated 

 at the apical fourth. The larvae are more difficult and it is a question 

 if they can be distinguished in all cases. As a usual thing the femorata 

 prepupal larvae are larger than those of mali, the V on the dorsal plate 

 of the first thoracic segment extends entirely through the rugosa area, 

 the ventral groove is broader and deeper and the rugosities themselves 

 are rounder, larger and more distinct. 



Besides the typical mali there is another form which runs to mali 

 in Horn's table. This may be the variety lineatipennis, Van Dyke. 

 If so it should be raised to specific standing. It lives in the chaparral 

 broom {Bacchans pilularis) in California and B. sergiloides in Arizona 

 and does not occur in the same hosts with mali. 



The recorded food plants of femorata include apple, quince, pear, 

 peach, plum, apricot, cherry, currant and pecan among the orchard 

 trees and oak, mountain ash, maple, beech, box elder, hickory, chest- 

 nut, sycamore, horse chestnut, linden, willow and redbud among the 

 shade and forest trees. The records in the Branch of Forest Insect 



