August, '19] BURKE: FLATHEADED BORERS 329 



Investigations give the black walnut (Juglans nigra), hickory {Hicoria 

 sp.), chestnut {Castanea dentata), white oak (Quercus alba), chestnut 

 oak {Q. 'prinus), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), sweet gum {Liquid- 

 anihar styraciflua) , peach (Prunus persica), Texas redbud (Cercis 

 reniformis) and maple (Acer sp.)- In the west we have reared it from 

 the smooth leafed willow (Salix Icevigata), arroyo willow {S. lasiolepis), 

 aspen {Popidus tremuloides) , black cottonwood (P. trichocarpa), 

 Fremont cottonwood (P. fremontii), lombardy poplar (P. nigra- 

 italica), white alder (Alnus rhombifolia) , California white or valley 

 oak {Quercus lobata), gambel oak (Q. gambelii), California live oak 

 (Q. agrifolia), interior live oak (Q. wislizeni), California black oak 

 (Q. calif ornica), wild plum, (Prunus americana), domestic plum, prune 

 (P. domestica), peach (P. persica), silver maple (Acer saccharinum) 

 and blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) and have taken larvse which 

 appear to be this species from the Carolina poplar (P. deltoides) 

 European white birch (Betula alba) and blue oak (P. douglassii). 



The recorded food plants of 7nali are the apple and the currant. 

 We have reared the adults from the arroyo willow (S. lasiolepis), 

 copper beech (Fagus sylvatica purpurea), California live oak (Quer- 

 cus agrifolia), American elm (Ulmus americana), camperdown elm 

 (U. scabra pendida), huntingdon elm (U. scabra hunting doni) , Euro- 

 pean sycamore (Platanus orientalis), California sycamore (P. racemosa), 

 cultivated currant (Ribes rubrum), cultivated rose (Rosa sp.), mountain 

 mahogany (Cercocarpus parvifolius) , apple (Pyrus malus), European 

 mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), Christmas berry (Heteromeles 

 arbutifolia) , plum, prune (Prunus domestica). Pacific plum (P. sub- 

 cordata), Japanese weeping rose flowering cherry (P. pendula), cherry 

 (P. avium), hoUyleaf cherry (P. ilicifolia), peach (P. persica), apricot 

 (P. armeniaca) , loquat (Eriobotraya japonica) , pea chaparral (Picker- 

 ingia montana), sycamore maple (Acer pseudo-platanus) , silver maple 

 (A. saccharinum), red maple (^4.. rubrum), Oregon maple (A. mac- 

 rophyllum,) box elder (A. negundo), European horse chestnut (Aescu- 

 lus hippocastanam) , coffee berry (Rhamnus California), wild lilac 

 (Ceanothus sorediatus), blue gum (Eucalyptus globidus) and madrone 

 (Arbutiis menziesii) and have taken larvse which appear to be this 

 species from the smooth leaf willow (Salix Icevigata), weeping willow 

 (S. babylonica), lombardy poplar (Popidus nigra-italica) , white alder 

 (Alnus rhombifolia) , California black oak (Quercus California), Indian 

 plum or oso berry (Osmaronia cerasiformis), evergreen buckthorn 

 (Rhamnus crocea) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos tomentosa). 



As both of these insects are produced in numbers from a great 

 variety of native and introduced food plants practical control is rather 

 difficult. Trees and shrubs should be well cultivated and kept in as 



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