428 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 12 



Before pupating the larva lines the oval cavitj^ (Plate 18, fig. 4) with frass 

 in which it pupates. When the larva transforms into the pupal stage 

 (Plate 18, fig. 2) one may see the resemblance which it has to the adult 

 beetle. The head and snout are bent down over the thorax along the 

 ventral side of the body and is white in color. The pupal stage lasts 

 approximately five days, depending on the weather conditions. On 

 April 24, 1916, many adults had emerged from the pupal stage and were 

 feeding on the foHage. On the foliage they eat out pecuUar round holes 

 about the size of the end of the rostrum, some leaves appeared riddled 

 with these small circular cut places. The species was observed to feed 

 particularly on the upper surface of the leaves. 



On the morning of April 25, 1916, observed several females in the act 

 of depositing eggs in the bark. For egg deposition the females do not 

 ordinarily prefer the smooth bark but instead seek the more roughened 

 areas. The rostrum is used to burrow the cavities to receive the eggs. 

 The rostrum being curved the female is able to cut out a sort of chamber 

 underneath the bark by turning the beak around. After the excavation 

 is completed the female turns about and deposits the egg. The egg is 

 very small, a httle over | mm. in length, is yellow, shining and globular in 

 shape. After depositing the egg the female forces it into the cavity by 

 means of the rostrum and usually the cavity is sealed with frass. A 

 number of ca\dties maj^ be found arranged in a chcular mass (Plate 18, 

 fig. 6). The number of egg cavdties in one mass was observed to range 

 from four to twenty-one. According to Prof. C. V. Piper the different 

 egg cavities in each group are burrowed at different times; at least in all 

 the cases observed by him the beetle went away after digging one cavity 

 and laying her egg therein. The writer's observations show that a female 

 burrowed a maximum of four cavities in one place at a time and then left. 



The adults do not hve very long after egg deposition and in the cages it 

 was observed that the beetles showed a disposition to kill each other. 

 The eggs which were deposited on April 26, 1916, had all hatched on May 

 14 and 15, 1916. The larvae upon emergence immediately burrow in any 

 direction in the bark close to the wood (Plate 18, fig. 4) or just on the 

 surface including a httle of the wood as they tunnel. The burrow is at 

 first very small, measuring a half milhmeter and when completed about 

 two millimeters. The larva? live over winter feeding on the bark and on 

 the surface of the wood next to the bark, transforming again in the early 

 part of April. The length of the larval stage is approximately ten 

 to eleven months depending on the weather conditions in the spring. 



Parasites 



The large limbs which were obtained on April 15, 1916, were found on 

 examination to contain numerous specimens which were parasitized. 



