April, '12] QUAINTANCE: CODLING MOTH 159 



should be no question as to the advisability of adding poison in the 

 later sprayings. 



A small crop almost invariably means a larger percentage of wormy 

 fruit, and if the prospects are even fair for good prices, the third spray- 

 ing (the latter part of July) would at least justify itself because of the 

 additional protection from possibly severe injury and consequent 

 loss by the second brood. The second spraying, namely, three weeks 

 after the blossoms fall, might be advisable especially if the first appli- 

 cation is not thorough for some reason or other. 



President F. L. Washburn: Mr. Quaintance is down to discuss 

 Doctor Felt's paper, and I will now call on him. 



A. L. Quaintance: Doctor Felt is to be congratulated on the 

 accomplishment of so large an amount of experimental work in testing 

 spray applications against the codling moth. His experiments have 

 extended over a period of three years, and during two seasons, tests 

 have been made in duplicate. A large amount of data has thus been 

 secured and it constitutes an important addition to our knowledge of 

 the subject. 



Anyone who has given attention to experimental work with sprays 

 against the codling moth will appreciate how difficult it is to arrange 

 for such work under even fairly satisfactory and uniform conditions, 

 as in obtaining a sufficient number of trees of one variety and of the 

 same size and fruiting capacity; in effecting the proper arrangement 

 of the plats, and the selection and locating of suitable trees for making 

 counts of the fruit. It is always difficult to obtain from theorchardists 

 permission to leave untreated for purposes of comparison an adequate 

 number of trees. Weather conditions also much modify the results 

 as affecting the character of spraying which may be done, and efficiency 

 of sprays subsequently. To obtain conditions during a second and 

 third season, essentially the same as those of the first, is much more 

 difficult. Doctor Felt in his three years' experiments seems to have 

 been able to overcome these difficulties fairly well, though conditions 

 have varied somewhat, especially as regards the varieties used, the 

 age of trees, the strength of the arsenical, and also in the manner of 

 making applications. 



During the past six or eight years, a good deal of experimental 

 work has been done in the use of sprays against the codling moth. 

 This may be grouped approximately under two headings, namely: 



(1) Work done by western entomologists, under arid conditions. 



(2) Work done by eastern entomologists, under humid conditions. 

 Some of this activity on the part of eastern entomologists, has 



