168 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 5 



mixture was commonly employed there was comparatively little 

 danger in drenching the foliage; but the lime-sulphur solution is 

 largely used now, and because of the danger of "burning" the leaves, 

 we are confronted with the situation of advocating thorough spraying 

 for the codling moth coupled with a warning to use the liquid in mini- 

 mum quantities to avoid injuries to foliage. 



President F. L. Washburn : Did you look for the cochineal in the 

 lower calyx cup? 



P. J. Parrott: Yes. 



President F. L. Washburn: And find that you didn't get that? 



P. J. Parrott: Well, I was surprised to find how little of the co- 

 chineal reached the lower calyx cavity. We failed to see it in the 

 lower calyx cavities of most of the fruits. I should also like to say 

 that we have an orchard of about thirty-five acres, said to contain 

 upwards of 800 varieties of apples that I am supposed to keep free 

 from insects. I take a great deal of pride in showing visitors the 

 freedom of the trees from San Jose scale and various other insects, but 

 I am constantly surprised at the number of wormy apples that appear. 

 I am puzzled at my results and I have often wondered if some western 

 entomologist could inform me how to reduce the number of wormy 

 fruits. I attribute my failures to the mixture of varieties and the 

 presence of neglected orchards in the neighborhood. There is na 

 appreciable shrinking of the stamens, and it would be impracticable 

 to attempt to reach the lower calyx cavity. 



E. D. Sanderson: I agree heartily with Professor Quaintance in 

 this matter. There is one thing, it seems to me, the entomologists 

 might stand for in the East, and that is to get away from this idea 

 of spraying a week or ten days after the first spraying for the codling 

 moth. A lot of spray pump companies and newspapers keep on 

 insisting on that recommendation for the codling moth, but I think 

 it ought to be three weeks after the first spraying, as far as the codling 

 moth is concerned. I find a good many horticulturists recommending 

 a week or ten days after the first spraying, but I don't believe in it . 



P. J. Parrott: The reason for that recommendation is that there 

 is danger of a very late infection of apple scab, which sometimes makes 

 that treatment advisable in New York. 



Secretary A. F. Burgess: Mr. President, I would suggest that,, 

 inasmuch as there are many good men in the western states who are 

 thoroughly familiar with Doctor Ball's spraying method, that it 

 might be a good idea for some of our eastern institutions to obtain 

 one of those men as an assistant and try the method here in all its 

 details. They certainly develop entomologists in the West, and I 

 think it would be a very fine thing to have that tried out in the East 



