174 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 5 



vided with official tree wardens, to protect the ehiis from the ravages 

 of the ehn leaf beetle. 



The condition of the trees, at the present time, is a fairly good indi- 

 cation of the extent to which the citizens became aroused, but in some 

 cases work was not begun until after it was too late, and as a result 

 enormous damage and loss to the trees has been sustained. 



The recent discovery about 1907, of the leopard moth, (Zeuzera 

 pyrina L.) in Boston and vicinity and the finding of the European 

 elm bark beetle in Cambridge are two of the most discouraging features 

 of the campaign for the protection of shade trees in this region. Both 

 of these insects work beneath the bark and the injury which they cause 

 is inconspicuous until it has proceeded so far that it is difficult to 

 repair the damage, or to destroy or check the pests. In addition to 

 the insects already mentioned, it should be said that the San Jose scale 

 is causing much injury to such shades trees and ornamental plants as 

 it particularly^ favors for food and that this damage is increasing rather 

 than decreasing from year to year. 



The tussock moth {Hemerocavi-pa leucostigma S. &. A.) occasionally 

 becomes abundant enough to cause serious injury, but the damage 

 sustained does not compare with that caused by the pests which have 

 already been mentioned. Owing to the number of insects concerned 

 and their different habits of life, it is impossible to lay do^ATi any one 

 rule for treatment which will be effective for all. The cheapest and 

 most satisfactory remedy for the gypsy moth and the elm leaf beetle 

 consists in thoroughly spraying the trees with arsenate of lead, using 

 ten pounds to one hundred gallons of water, as early in the spring as 

 there is a sufficient foliage to hold the poison. 



For this purpose high power spraying machines have been perfected 

 during the past few years. The improvements made in these sprayers, 

 nozzles and other equipment have resulted from the experiments 

 conducted under the direction of Mr. L. H. Worthley, who has had 

 charge of the work on the gypsy moth for the State Forester of Massa- 

 chusetts. Several improvements have also been made by Mr. D. M. 

 Rogers, Superintendent of Moth Work, for the U. S. Bureau of 

 Entomology. 



With the improved outfits now in use shade trees are sprayed from 

 the ground, so that climbing is not necessary and it is possible to 

 greatly increase the number of trees that can be treated in a single 

 day, and the machinery is so reliable that very little time is lost by 

 break downs. This has greatlj^ decreased the cost of treatment per 

 tree. 



In treating for the bro\\Ti-tail moth it is usually desirable to cut 

 off the hibernating webs of the insects and at the same time it is cus- 



