April, '12] HOUSER: GOOSEBERRY GALL MIDGE 183 



scales are drawii closely together at the tip, particularly the green 

 inner ones, thus making a secure home for the larva. So perfectly 

 in fact do these scales fit one upon another that the cell within will 

 remain moist for a few hours, even though the surrounding atmosphere 

 is very dry. 



The Pupa. Pupation occurs in the cell occupied bj^ the larva. 

 The larva reverses, the position of its body before transforming so 

 that the pupa rests with the tip of the abdomen next the base of the 

 bud. A pupa within the pupal cell, one side of which is torn away, 

 may be seen in figure 5. The male pupa is a little less than 2 mm. in 

 length; head, thorax and appendages a dirty black, and the antennae 

 extend three-fifths of the distance to the tips of the wing pads. The 

 encased legs reach to within two to five segments of the tip of the 

 body. The abdomen is at first tinged with pink, later becoming a 

 very dark pink. On the dorsal side of the thoracic segments is a 

 lighter median line. 



The female pupa is slightly longer, wdth comparatively shorter 

 appendages and with a much enlarged abdomen. 



Life History and Habits. The life cycle and habits of this insect 

 are not perfectly understood, but enough is kno^\ai to permit sugges- 

 tions for remedial measures to be made with assurance. 



The adults appear during the early part of May, the first ones 

 observed this season having emerged the ninth or tenth. Within 

 a few hours after emergence the eggs are deposited and these hatch, 

 apparently, within a few days. How the gall is formed is not known, 

 neither is it known whether the larval stage extends over more than 

 one season. The only data which the writer has to present upon this 

 point, is that at mid-summer there may be found galls which are 

 apparently fully developed and which contain in the normal position 

 a larva which seems about one-tenth grown. He has not succeeded in 

 finding large larvae during mid-summer, nor has he found an;^'thing 

 except pupae or adults at the season of the appearance of the full 

 grown insect; so the natural assumption is that the larval stage does 

 not extend over more than one season. 



The larvae transform to the pupal stage about April 1. At this 

 time the live portion of the injured buds develop slightly and the green 

 bud scales begin to push out beyond the dry ones. As growth con- 

 tinues, these green portions apparently carry the pupa along with 

 them and by the time the adult is ready t,o emerge, the pupa has been 

 pushed at least partially out of the gall proper. When the insect 

 transforms, the dirty-gray, delicate, pupal skin is left hanging at the 

 tip of the old gall. 



